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Chapter Eighteen. Improvisation and Form. New Orleans at the Turn of the 20th Century. A Blending of 3 Musical Styles: Folk Music Celtic-English-French African-American (Slave Songs) Popular Music “Gay 90’s” Songs Vaudeville Songs Minstrel Songs
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Chapter Eighteen Improvisation and Form
New Orleans at the Turn of the 20th Century • A Blending of 3 Musical Styles: • Folk MusicCeltic-English-French African-American (Slave Songs) • Popular Music“Gay 90’s” Songs Vaudeville Songs Minstrel Songs • Light Classical Music (Parlor Songs)Operettas Chautauqua
New Orleans at the Turn of the 20th Century • Instrumental/Stylistic Influences: • Military Bands(cheap musical instruments) • Ragtime(syncopation) • The Blues(call and response)
Important Musical Elements in Jazz • Vocal Inflections • “Blue” notes • Bending pitches (melismas) • Word painting
Important Musical Elements in Jazz • Rhythmic Elements: • Steady Tempo (Pulse) • Syncopation • Repetition of Short Patterns (riffs) • Call and Response
Swing –– Early 30’s to Late 40’s Big Bands • Fletcher Henderson • Duke Ellington • Count Basie • Benny Goodman • Dorsey Brothers • Glenn Miller Combos • Art Tatum • Lionel Hampton • Ben Webster • Lester Young • Jonah Jones • Django Reinhardt
Edward Kennedy “Duke” Ellington[1899-1974] • Pianist • Composer/Arranger • Band Leader
Diversity and Breadth of his Style:Characteristics of his Music • Arrangements • Film Scores • Romantic Ballads • Exotic Works • Concert Works • Sacred Works • Concerto-Type Works • Swinging Instrumentals with Jazz Solos
Duke’s Arranging is Unique • Diversity of themes within a single piece • Block Scoring • Voicing Across Sections • Wordless Vocals • Parts written for unique capabilities of musicians • Mixture of improvised parts with prewritten parts