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16.1 Thermal Energy. Heat. The transfer of thermal energy because of a temperature difference. Heat. Flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects. Temperature Review. A measure of how hot or cold an object is Measured in Celsius, Kelvin, or Fahrenheit
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Heat • The transfer of thermal energy because of a temperature difference.
Heat • Flows spontaneously from hot to cold objects
Temperature Review • A measure of how hot or cold an object is • Measured in Celsius, Kelvin, or Fahrenheit • 0 Kelvin or absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature (all atoms stop moving)
Temperature • Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object due to their random movements
Thermal Energy • The total potential and kinetic energy of all the particles (atoms) in an object
Thermal Energy • Depends on mass, temperature, and phase (solid, liquid, or gas)
Thermal Expansion • An increase in the volume of a material due to a temperature increase.
Thermal Expansion • Occurs when particles of matter move farther apart as temperature increases
Thermal Expansion • Gases expand more than liquids. • Liquids expand more than solids. • Weaker particle attractions in gases make them expand more easily.
Thermal Expansion • This is what makes glass thermometers work. • Alcohol expands in the tube giving you the temperature reading.
Specific Heat • The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a material by one degree Celsius.
Specific Heat • The lower a material’s specific heat, the more its temperature rises when a given amount of energy is absorbed by a given mass.
Specific Heat • Translation: • When a material has a low specific heat, it takes less energy to raise its temperature.
Specific Heat • Measured in joules per gram per degree Celsius or J/gx0C
Specific Heat • Q = m x c x ΔT • Q = heat absorbed by a material • m = mass • C = specific heat • ΔT = change in temperature