Drugs: By The Numbers & Trends

1. Holbrook: We Have a Problem ! Drugs: By The Numbers & Trends February 9, 2011 Holbrook Unified School District Debe Campbell, Director Navajo County Drug Project www.navajocountydrugproject.com

2. Arizona Criminal Justice Commission Arizona Youth Survey ‘10 Holbrook Junior High— 8th grade

3. AYS ‘10 HJHS 8th Grade

4. Over half of 8th graders have used alcohol Almost half have used tobacco 38% have used marijuana 20% have abused prescription medications 15% have abused inhalants. Targeting what is available, easy to get and cheap AYS ‘10 HJHS Good & Bad News

5. Zero reported cocaine & heroin use Stimulant use below averages Depressant use high Alcohol use off charts Marijuana, Cigarette, Chewing tobacco use 2x all averages Steroid use higher than average Rx use 50% above norms AYS ‘10 HJHS Good & Bad News

6. Alcohol Abuse RatesWhy does this happen? • Social & parental acceptance/culture of legal drug abuse • Low perception danger/harm/risk • Lowering age for gateway use, ±12 • Peers & community • Availability

7. Alcohol or Drug Abuse What to do? • Having drug conversations reduce chance of first use or abuse by 50% • Be firm & loving, don’t yell • Insist your teen acknowledges the value of telling the truth • If you have proof teen is lying, bring it up • Focus on behavior & why it worries you • Focus on your concern for their health • Set clear consequences for actions • Reward honesty

8. Science of the Teen Brain

9. Medical Marijuana:How will it affect us? • Marijuana already is #2 behind alcohol and tobacco use by HUSD 8th graders—wait until AYS 2012!!! • Minors can be medical marijuana cardholders with 2 recommendations & parental permission • Schools can not discriminate against card holders for admission or employment • Cardholders can not be prosecuted for having metabolites in the body while in class or at work • Minor users can use during the school day, off campus without penalty • Cardholders entitled to 5 oz/mo ±400 joints • Exposure to other children, bus drivers

10. Marijuana Use Set to Rise(as if 54% use among 8th graders isn’t bad enough) • Medical Marijuana Use in effect this spring • Perception of danger already reducing • Schools need to follow federal Drug Free School rules

11. What’s new on the scene? • JWH-O18, Legal Marijuana • Commonly known as Spice, K2 • Produces the euphoric effect or high in humans • Binds with receptors at a rate four times greater than THC (natural or synthetic) • Common marijuana drug tests detect THC metabolites, not synthetics • $16/oz • Counterfeit also available

12. Social/Economic Impact* • Parents are unaware of Spice dangers • Causes impairment, hallucinations • Easily accessible, despite higher cost than THC • Considered new “gateway” drug • Chemicals are constantly produced in different commercial analogs to avoid detection • Society unaware of potential unknown dangers • Recent increase in road stops where officers can’t identify drug of abuse, despite clear intoxication • Offenders switching THC use for spice to avoid detection * Norchem

13. Statistical Snapshot* 118 out of 364 random “Negative” drug test screening vials were pulled from 3 States (CA, TX, and AZ) and detected “Positive” for Spice / K2 43 out of 209 “Negative” screen adult specimens tested “Positive” for Spice 75 out of 155 “Negative” screen juvenile specimens tested “Positive” for Spice * Norchem

14. So What? • It is legal. • Made of herbs & botanicals laced with synthetic THC chemical compounds • 3 out of 4 “head” shops/tobacco shops in Lakeside sell • Sold for incense, not for human consumption • User cases in ER exhibit vomiting, hallucinations, agitated behavior • Can induce anaphylactic shock & coma • Outlawed in many countries & states • Potential for addiction

15. Who is at Risk? • Teenagers & college age group • People eager to continue drug use but afraid of judicial consequences • Current drug abusers looking for a better “high” Would you do something wrong if you knew you weren’t going to get caught?

16. Spice Use • Spice not yet common in a drug panel test • Positive test rate for Navajo County Juvenile Probationers Oct. 2010 — Jan. 2011 ± 85% * • Clearly a problem in Navajo County • Synthetic marijuana legislation (Az HB 2167) is speeding through legislature. If passed, will help with the problem. Unfortunately, manufacturers will come up with another compound that defeats the law. *Norchem

17. Bath Salts • Legal ecstacy/cocaine • It’s not for soaking in the tub & relaxing • Sold under many names: Ivory Wave, Vanilla Sky, Ocean Burst, Change • Coming out of Louisiana, Utah, Missouri • White/tan powder sold at head shops, gas stations, Internet • Active ingredients: Research drugs Mephedrone (MDP) & CFT, a phenyltropane based dopamine reuptake inhibitor and is structurally derived from cocaine* • 3-10x more potent than cocaine, lasts 7x longer* • Adverse affects on heart, circulation, CNS • Potentially addictive, potential for overdose • No known drug test at this time *www.legalhighsforum.com/showthread.php?t=1159&page=3

18. Side Effects of Bath Salts • Mental & sexual stimulation • Increased energy • Rapid heart rate • Insomnia • Muscle twitching • Breathing difficulties • Paranoia • Intense desire to re-dose • Effects 6-8 hours but with re-dosing, can cause insomnia for days

19. From a ‘Legal High’ Chatroom*on Bathsalts “I strongly advise against it. Did one pack over 1-1.5hrs. Now I'm sitting all night, trying to calm down, with my heart pounding like a bell. I'm seriously thinking that the company who brought this crap to people has a team of schizophrenics as leaders. Although the way it works - if you're lucky and it works as it should for you - is not that bad, but the comedown and heart pounding (I feel like it's being squeezed and I feel like a needle is being stabbed in my heart from time to time, it lasts just a second or so but really freaks the hell out of me. Do NOT buy!” FriendlyToker “Still not myself yet This is horror, not a stimulant. Feeling drained and soulless. And physically tired like hell, and heart aching. NEVAR AGIN! FriendlyToker *http://www.legalhighsforum.com/showthread.php?t=1159&page=3

20. What to do? • Be aware of strange products, smells in the kids’ rooms • Ask if any of their friends are using Spice/smoking ‘incense’ or snorting/ shooting Bath Salts • Have the general drug talk with your kids • Support the planned ban on Spice

21. Questions? • For more information, go to www.navajocountydrugproject.com www.partneruparizona.com