Early Civil Rights Leaders*

1. Early Civil Rights Leaders* *waaaay before Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King

2. Booker T. Washington Born into slavery April 5, 1856

3. Booker T. Washington Attended freedmen’s school

4. Booker T. Washington Became head of Tuskegee Institute in 1881

5. Booker T. Washington Spoke at International Cotton Exposition in Atlanta, 1881

6. Booker T. Washington Focused on “Negro problem” which was poor social and economic conditions of Blacks

7. Advised Blacks to get jobs in agriculture, mechanics, commerce, and domestic service “glorify and dignify common labor” Booker T. Washington

8. Black political, social, and economic equality with Whites will eventually happen Booker T. Washington

9. Booker T. Washington Known as accomodationism (compromises with or adapts to the viewpoint of the opposition ) (“you have to go along to get along”)

10. W. E. B. DuBois Opposed beliefs of Booker T. Washington *1868 - 1963 *Civil War over, no slavery

11. W. E. B. DuBois Wanted political, social, and economic equality immediately

12. W. E. B. DuBois Blacks should have same education as Whites. Blacks needed technical training.

13. W. E. B. DuBois Accommodationism accepts racism of southern Whites “Mr. Washington represents in Negro thought the old attitude of adjustment and submission.”

14. W. E. B. DuBois Founded the Niagara movement – demanded end of segregation and discrimination Founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

15. Compare and Contrast • Booker T. Washington • W. E. B. DuBois • Venn diagram – on back of page 26 • 5 minutes

16. John and Lugenia Burns Hope Black educators advancing civil rights (1868-1936) (1871-1947)

17. John and Lugenia Burns Hope 1898 – Moves to Atlanta; John takes position at Atlanta Baptist College (Morehouse College)

18. John Hope first Black president of Morehouse College in 1906, later president of Atlanta University

19. John Hope Supported public education, healthcare, job opportunities, recreational facilities

20. John Hope Member of Niagara Movement, NAACP, and Commission of Interracial Cooperation

21. Lugenia Burns Hope 1898/9 – Becomes member of group working to start day-care centers in West Fair community

22. Lugenia Burns Hope • 1908 - Forms Neighborhood Union with core members of West Fair community group; first women’s charity group in Atlanta • 1913 – Elected chairperson of Women’s Civic and Social Improvement Committee for better black schools in Atlanta • 1916 – Becomes founding member of Atlanta’s National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs • 1917 – Serves as director of YWCA Hostess House Program for Black Soldiers  • 1927 – Appointed on President Hoover’s Colored Commission • 1932 – Becomes first Vice President of NAACP, Atlanta chapter

23. Alonzo Herndon Born into slavery 1858 After Civil War, white father sent him, slave mother, younger brother, maternal grandparents (mother’s parents – also slaves) away They were homeless, jobless Sharecroppers- still poor after 3 years

24. Alonzo Herndon About his early life Alonzo writes, "My mother was emancipated when I was seven years old and my brother Tom five years old. She was sent adrift in the world with her two children and a corded bed and [a] few quilts. . . . She hired herself out by the day and as there was money in the country, she received as pay potatoes, molasses, and peas enough to keep us from starving." Alonzo Herndon with his mother and his brother ca. 1890.

25. Alonzo Herndon Moved to Atlanta, learned barbering

27. Alonzo Herndon The staff of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company Branch Office, ca. 1925.

28. Alonzo Herndon Herndon's wealth and business position brought with it a great deal of social responsibility, and the African American community looked to him for leadership in a number of areas.

29. Alonzo Herndon National Negro Business League Niagara movement

30. Alonzo Herndon home