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Explore the evolution of Greek art from the Geometric and Orientalizing periods to the Early Classical period, including key features, sculpture, architecture, and vase painting.
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Greek Art Chapter 5
Geometric Period • Very typical of this period were large funerary vases designed to hold votive offerings • Decoration was primarily abstract forms, flat patterns, outlined shapes that represent various human forms in poses of anguish. • Repetition used.
Geometric & Orientalizing • After destruction of Mycenaean palaces, the bronze age disintegrated, loss of kings as powerful rulers. Also lost many art forms (how to construct tombs, citadels, frescoes, sculpt with stone) also lost writing and reading. • This was deemed the “Dark Age of Greece” • Depopulation • Poverty • Loss of contact with outside world
Orientalizing Period • More and more attention being paid to the human form/body • This period was influenced by Eastern works being brought in for trade, as trade was on the rise. Borrowed motifs from Egypt and Near East
Corinthian Black Figure Amphora with Animal Frieze 625-600bce
The 3 styles of Greek Sculpture • Archaic: stiff body pose, feet together, and arms close to the body. • Classical: more lifelike body, more natural form with movement, calmness, appearance of the contrapposto pose • Hellenistic: evokes emotion, more lifelike detail, greater movement
Archaic Period • More sense of permanency, temples built of stone, not mud brick • The two orders were used (see handout) • Archaic statuary was usually life-size or larger, and painted. Most share an expression “archaic smile”. Possibly used to signify that the subject was still living. • Kore/Korai = female youth • Kouros/Kouroi = male youth
2 important differences between Archaic Greek and Egyptian sculpture • Sculptures of men were unclothed • Sculptures were free from the stone in which they were carved
DORIC v. IONIC • Doric Temples are found on Greek mainland. • Ionic Temples are found on the islands. • Athens is an exception, and you can find many Ionic temples, characteristics in their designs, especially on the Acropolis. • Any temple containing a caryatid, is considered Ionic.
Vase Painting • Athens was the main location for the production of vases during the archaic period. • Black Figure technique used as well as red-figure technique
Andokides Painter, Ajax & Achilles Playing a Game 525-520bce
Dying Warrior, top (490 bce)west pediment of Temple Aphaiabottom (480 bce) east pediment of Temple Aphaia
Early Classical Period • Early 5th century, Greek city states united to fight the Persian Army, but defeat of Persians came after Athens was already destroyed
Architecture/Architectural Structure • Pieces from this period represent a time of transition. • Temples more compact, columns more spaced out • Pediment Statuary is more life-size and displays a variety of movement and action
Temple of Hera II, (closely resemble Temple of Zeus 470 BC) 460 BC
Athena, Herakles, Atlas with Apples from metope Temple of Zeus, 470-465bce
Sculpture • New concern to render the human form in natural poses that illustrate how a human usually stands.
