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Understanding Scientific Methods in Chemistry

Learn about the scientific method in chemistry, including steps, types of data, variables, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, theory, and scientific law.

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Understanding Scientific Methods in Chemistry

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  1. Introduction to Chemistry Section 1.1A Story of Two Substances Section 1.2Chemistry and Matter Section 1.3Scientific Methods Section 1.4Scientific Research Click a hyperlink or folder tab to view the corresponding slides. Exit Chapter Menu

  2. Section 1.3 Scientific Methods Identify the common steps of scientific methods. Compare and contrast types of data. Identify types of variables. Describe the difference between a theory and a scientific law. systematic approach: an organized method of solving a problem. Section 1-3

  3. Section 1.3 Scientific Methods (cont.) scientific method qualitative data quantitative data hypothesis experiment independent variable dependent variable control conclusion theory scientific law Scientists use scientific methods to systematically pose and test solutions to questions and assess the results of the tests. Section 1-3

  4. A Systematic Approach The scientific methodis a systematic approach used in scientific study, whether it is chemistry, physics, biology, or another science. It is an organized process used by scientists to do research, and provides methods for scientists to verify the work of others. Section 1-3

  5. A Systematic Approach (cont.) 1. OBSERVATION: Develop a question based on the observation 2. GATHER INFORMATION: You need to get educated about the object, subject, etc. 3. HYPOTHESIS: Develop a tentative answer to the question 4. EXPERIMENT: Develop an experiment to test hypothesis 5. CONCLUSION: Was your hypothesis right or wrong? Possible explanations? Section 1-3

  6. A Systematic Approach (cont.) An observation is the act of gathering information. • Qualitative data is obtained through observations that describe color, smell, shape, or some other physical characteristic that is related to the five senses. • Quantitative data is obtained from numerical observations that describe how much, how little, how big or how fast. Section 1-3

  7. A Systematic Approach (cont.) A hypothesisis a tentative explanation for what has been observed. An experimentis a set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis. Section 1-3

  8. A Systematic Approach (cont.) A variable is a quantity or condition that can have more than one value. • An independent variableis the variable you plan to change. • The dependent variableis the variable that changes in value in response to a change in the independent variable. Section 1-3

  9. A Systematic Approach (cont.) A controlis a standard for comparison in the experiment. A conclusionis a judgment based on the information obtained from the experiment. • A hypothesis is never proven, only supported or discarded. • A model can be used to make predictions. Section 1-3

  10. A Systematic Approach (cont.) Molina and Rowland’s model showed how CFCs could destroy ozone. Section 1-3

  11. Theory and Scientific Law A theory is an explanation that has been repeatedly supported by many experiments. • A theory states a broad principle of nature that has been supported over time by repeated testing. • Theories are successful if they can be used to make predictions that are true. Section 1-3

  12. Theory and Scientific Law (cont.) A scientific law is a relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments, and no exceptions to these relationships are found. Section 1-3

  13. A B C D Section 1.3 Assessment Quantitative data describes observations that are _____. A.numerical B.conditions C.independent D.hypotheses Section 1-3

  14. A B C D Section 1.3 Assessment Scientific methods are _____ approaches to solving problems. A.dependent B.independent C.hypothetical D.systematic Section 1-3

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