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EDTHP 115 10/28/02 This Week. Continue with the Education System of the U.S. Educational Philosophies and Pioneers Schooling After the Common School Era, 1860s-1890s Education During the Progressive Era, 1890s-1940s. Actors in the U.S. Education System. Students Parents and Community
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EDTHP 11510/28/02This Week • Continue with the Education System of the U.S. • Educational Philosophies and Pioneers • Schooling After the Common School Era, 1860s-1890s • Education During the Progressive Era, 1890s-1940s
Actors in the U.S. Education System • Students • Parents and Community • Teachers • Principals • Superintendents • Chief State School Officer • State Board of Education • Governor • President
Agencies in the U.S. System • Classroom • School • District • Intermediate District/County • State Department of Education • U.S. Department of Education
Philosophies of Education • Idealism • Realism • Pragmatism • Existentialism
Developing Your Own Philosophy of Education • Which philosophies or theories are most similar to my own beliefs? • Which element of each philosophy or theory appeals to me the most? • Which element of each is least appealing? • Am I comfortable with the instructional ideas suggested by a philosophy or theory?
Theories of Education • Progressivism • Social Reconstructionism • Critical Theory • Perennialism • Essentialism
Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 1)[Note: we hadn’t finished this in the previous class, so we discussed and reviewed this] • Comenius: First picture book for learning, the Orbis Sensualum Pictus, or The Visible World in Pictures • John Locke: Introduced the concept of a child’s mind as a tabula rasa, or blank slate
Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 2) • Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Revolted against the theory of child depravity, that children are inherently bad. Contended in Emile, that children, instead, are ‘noble savages,’ until corrupted by society. • Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: The object lesson, a way to encourage Rousseau’s “natural education” for children in groups.
Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 3) • Friedrich Froebel: Kindergarten • Herbert Spencer: Utilitarian education, emphasizing practical outcomes • John Dewey: Progressive education, emphasizing problem solving • Jane Addams: Socialized education, with emphasis on responding to student diversity
Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 4) • Maria Montessori: Montessori education, structuring the environment to accommodate children’s natural desire to work at learning • Piaget: Developmentally-appropriate education, based on children’s stage of cognitive development