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Evolution of U.S. Education System: Philosophies, Pioneers & Theories

Explore the historical progression, key figures, and educational philosophies shaping the U.S. education system. Learn about the evolution from Common School Era to Progressive Era and key achievements of educational pioneers. Dive into understanding various philosophies of education and developing your own educational philosophy.

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Evolution of U.S. Education System: Philosophies, Pioneers & Theories

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  1. EDTHP 11510/28/02This Week • Continue with the Education System of the U.S. • Educational Philosophies and Pioneers • Schooling After the Common School Era, 1860s-1890s • Education During the Progressive Era, 1890s-1940s

  2. Actors in the U.S. Education System • Students • Parents and Community • Teachers • Principals • Superintendents • Chief State School Officer • State Board of Education • Governor • President

  3. Agencies in the U.S. System • Classroom • School • District • Intermediate District/County • State Department of Education • U.S. Department of Education

  4. Philosophies of Education • Idealism • Realism • Pragmatism • Existentialism

  5. Developing Your Own Philosophy of Education • Which philosophies or theories are most similar to my own beliefs? • Which element of each philosophy or theory appeals to me the most? • Which element of each is least appealing? • Am I comfortable with the instructional ideas suggested by a philosophy or theory?

  6. Theories of Education • Progressivism • Social Reconstructionism • Critical Theory • Perennialism • Essentialism

  7. Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 1)[Note: we hadn’t finished this in the previous class, so we discussed and reviewed this] • Comenius: First picture book for learning, the Orbis Sensualum Pictus, or The Visible World in Pictures • John Locke: Introduced the concept of a child’s mind as a tabula rasa, or blank slate

  8. Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 2) • Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Revolted against the theory of child depravity, that children are inherently bad. Contended in Emile, that children, instead, are ‘noble savages,’ until corrupted by society. • Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: The object lesson, a way to encourage Rousseau’s “natural education” for children in groups.

  9. Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 3) • Friedrich Froebel: Kindergarten • Herbert Spencer: Utilitarian education, emphasizing practical outcomes • John Dewey: Progressive education, emphasizing problem solving • Jane Addams: Socialized education, with emphasis on responding to student diversity

  10. Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (Part 4) • Maria Montessori: Montessori education, structuring the environment to accommodate children’s natural desire to work at learning • Piaget: Developmentally-appropriate education, based on children’s stage of cognitive development

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