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Braches of Medicine

Learn how to become a doctor in different medical branches, from education to specializing in fields such as radiology, pediatrics, and internal medicine. Entry and mid-level medical careers are also discussed.

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Braches of Medicine

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  1. Braches of Medicine

  2. How to become a Doctor • 4 years minimum of Bachelors Degree • In senior year you take the entrance exam, MCAT (SAT for Med School). • 4 years in Medical School (M.D.) • 1-4 years of residency in your specialty • You are paid…but very little. Long hours. • Drs. use the “allopathic” approach

  3. Branches of Medicine • General Medicine • Family doctor • Otorhinolaryngology • Study of Ear, Nose & Throat (ENTs) • Ophthalmology • Study of the Eyeball • Endocrinology- • Study of Hormones and their effect on the body • Epidemiology- • Study of disease in the population • Microbiology- • Study of microbes • Neurology- • Study of nervous system • Pathology • Study of the diagnosis of disease • Oncology • Study of the treatment of cancer. • Pharmacology- • Study of the effects of medications on the body • Psychiatry- • Study of the treatment of mental disorders using medications • Psychology- treatment of mental disorders using talk therapy • Psychologist are not MDs; they also cannot prescribe meds.

  4. Branches of Medicine • Radiology- • Study of diagnosis through diagnostic images (CT,MRI, X-rays) • Podiatry- • Study of foot issues • Pediatrics- • Medicine of children • Dermatology- • Medicine of the skin • Obstetrics • Medicine of childbirth • Gynecology- • Study of “lady” issues • Urology- • Study of “man” issues and urinary system • Anesthesiology- • Study of management of patient during surgery • Orthopedics- • Medicine dealing with bone development and/or repair.

  5. Internal Medicine • Internal medicine is the branch dealing with problems with MULTIPLE organ systems. • Doctors are called Internists. • Sub-specialities include: • Cardiology- medicine of the heart • Gastroenterology- medicine of the stomach and intestines • Nephrology- medicine of the kidneys • Geriatrics- medicine of the elderly • Hematology- medicine of the blood • Pulmonology- medicine of lower respiratory system (lungs)

  6. “You are not a doctor!” • Doctor of Podiatry (DP)- • examines and treats problems with the feet. • Doctor of Chiropractic (DC)- • focuses on proper alignment of spine and natural approaches for treatment • Doctor of Dental Science (DDS)- Dentists • Doctor of Optometry (DO)- • Focus on visual defects and corrective lenses only • Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)- • Low-level psychologist; higher level ones earn a PhD from an accredited university. • Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD)- Pharmacists • Doctor of Naturopathy (Holistic Science) (DN)- • Focuses on the use of proper nutrition, herbs, minerals in lieu of medications. • Cause of illness more important than treating symptoms (allopathic)

  7. Quizzito A. interpretation of x-rays B. birthing doctor C. cancer treatment D. male reproductive issues E. tracking of disease F. putting patients to sleep G. diagnosis of disease H. bones I. lungs J. digestive system • 1. pulmonology • 2. urology • 3. obstetrics • 4. epidemiology • 5. gastroenterology • 6. radiology • 7. oncology • 8. pathology • 9. orthopedics • 10. anesthesiology

  8. Entry Level Professions • High School Degree • Certified Nurse Assistant (CNA)- $10/hour • Perform menial tasks • Community college (Associates-2 year degrees) • Surgical Tech (“Scrub” Techs) • Prepares OR rooms and hand instruments to surgeons • X-ray tech • Techs begin as “plain-film” or orthopedic (bone) techs • Then move up to higher specialties (CT, MRI, Nuclear Med, Sonography)

  9. Community college level (cont) • Lab tech • Analyzes body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, etc.) for pathology • Paramedic • “First responders” to traumatic events • Medical Assistant • Perform vital signs, blood draws, stocking, cleaning, et al “Nurse light” • Pharmacy Techs • Assist pharmacist in dispensing medications • All of these require passage of certification exam. • These jobs garner approx. $40,000/year.

  10. Mid-Level Occupations • Require a Bachelors Degree or Higher (Masters+) • Respiratory Therapist • Assist patients with difficulty breathing • AA or BA. $60K/year • Physical Therapist • Assist in rehabilitation of patient after trauma • 4 years post-BA, $80/year • Pharmacist • 4 years post-BA. $100K/year—PharmDs • Pharm Techs work under them. • Physician Assistant (PA) “Mini-doctors) • 3 years post-BA. $100K+ year • Works under and prescribes under the license of M.D. • Able to diagnose, order treatments and prescribe medications

  11. Nursing • Nursing • Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) • Community-college/vocational schooling 2-years • $40,000K/year • Registered Nurse (RN) • AA or BA degree • $70,000+/year • Both LVN and RN perform doctor’s orders of checking vital signs, providing medications, administering catheters, et al. • Nurse Practitioner (NP) • Similar to PA, Able to diagnose, order treatments and prescribe medications “Mini Doctor #2” • 4 years post-BA • $100K/year

  12. Hospital Departments • Patient Flow • Emergency Room (ER) • Acute patients are triaged by the ER. • Triage- to prioritize patients based on severity of symptoms • Patients are stabilized and are either released or sent to: • Operating Rooms (OR) if in need of surgery, or • Intensive Care Unit (ICU), (NICU for newborns) (PICU for children) • Patients in critical condition are placed here after surgery or ER. • Here they die or sent to: • Recovery “The floors”- may be here from days to weeks

  13. Hospital Departments (cont) • Other Departments • Laboratory • Diagnostics Imaging • Pharmacy • Labor & Delivery • If babies are in distress they are sent to NICU. • Respiratory Therapy • Rehab (Physical and Occupational Therapy) • Materials Management (Central Supply) • Responsible for maintaining hospital supplies • Biomed • Responsible for repairing damaged machines

  14. Hospital Emergency Codes • Codes are code words used in hospitals to notify employees of an important event occurring w/o patients/visitors knowing what it is. • Code All Stop: Weapon in hospital • Code Blue • Cardiac or Respiratory Arrest • Code Red • Fire • Code Pink • Infant Abduction • Code Grey • Disaster • Code Black • Bomb Threat • Code Orange • Hazardous spill

  15. Quizzito • 1. Respiratory Therapist A. The degree conferred to dentists • 2. Chiropractor B. Prepare the OR rooms • 3. Physical Therapist C. Low-level nurses • 4. Podiatrist D. Treat plantar warts, bunions, and flat feet • 5. Naturopathic Dr. E. Able to diagnose disease and prescribe drugs • 6. Surgical Tech F. Help people with asthma and bronchitis • 7. LVN G. Properly align the spine • 8. Physician Assistant H. Count and dispense drugs • 9. Pharm Techs I. Use nutrition and herbs to treat chronic disease • 10. DDS J. Help people regain range of motion

  16. Please have your notes available on your desk. I will be grading them before the test. Turn in handout on the pile on my desk.

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