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General Turabian Guidelines

Learn the essential rules of Turabian style formatting, including paper structure, footnotes, and bibliography. Follow these guidelines to ensure your paper is properly formatted and cited.

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General Turabian Guidelines

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  1. General Turabian Guidelines

  2. General Turabian Guidelines • Format Requirements • 1 inch margins / 12 pt. Times New Roman font • Double Spaced (block quotes are single spaced) • Page Numbers • No page number on title page • Lowercase Roman numerals in the Front Matter • Arabic numerals throughout the Main Body • Three possible locations: • Centered or flush right in the header • Centered or flush left in the footer

  3. Turabian Pagination

  4. Turabian Pagination

  5. Turabian Pagination

  6. Block Quotes • 5 or more lines • Single spaced • Indented • No quotation marks • Footnote at end

  7. General Turabian Guidelines • Your paper should have three major sections. • Title Page • Main Body • Bibliography • Title Page • Two formats: Class Paper & Dissertation • NO Page Number on title page • Note: Your professor may have unique format requirements.

  8. Turabian Sample Title Page Class Paper Turabian Sample Title Page Dissertation

  9. General Turabian Guidelines • Main Body • NO strict format for headings and subheadings • Most commonly uses footnotes • First citation includes full bibliographical information • Short forms used thereafter • Consecutive citations use Ibid. • Footnotes • Refers to the original source (quote or paraphrase) • Further Explanation of the text • Reference to further information

  10. Inserting Footnotes

  11. General Turabian Guidelines • Footnotes, cont. • First Reference • Cite all information • First name first • Follow style format • Further References • Author’s last name (comma) • Short version of the title (comma) • Page number (period)

  12. General Turabian Guidelines • Footnotes, cont. • Consecutive citing of the same source • Ibid. (comma) • Page number (if different page) • Avoid using if referring to a note on a different page of your text. • Format • Use 10 or 12 point font • Footnote is single spaced • First line is indented • Space between each footnote • Each footnote ends with a period

  13. Turabian Footnotes • Book (single author or editor) 1. Malcolm Gladwell, ed., The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 64–65. • Book (two or three authors) 1. Peter Morey and AminaYaqin, Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation after 9/11 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), 52. • Book (four or more authors) 1. Jay M. Bernstein et al., Art and Aesthetics after Adorno (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010), 276.

  14. Turabian Footnotes • Book (author plus editor or translator) 1. Jane Austen, Persuasion: An Annotated Edition, ed. Robert Morrison (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011), 311–12. • Book (edition number) 1. John Van Maanen, Talkes of the Filed: On Writing Ethnograpy, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Proess, 2011), 84. • Book (single chapter in an edited book) 1. ÁngelesRamírez, “Muslim Women in the Spanish Press: The Persistence of Subaltern Images,” in Muslim Women in War and Crisis: Representation and Reality, ed. FaeghehShirazi (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010), 231.

  15. Turabian Footnotes • Book (electronic) 1. Isabel Wilkerson, The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration (New York: Vintage, 2010), 183–84, Kindle. 2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), chap. 10, doc. 19, accessed October 15, 2011, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/. 3. Joseph P. Quinlan, The Last Economic Superpower: The Retreat of Globalization, the End of American Dominance, and What We Can Do about It (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), 211, accessed December 8, 2012, ProQuestEbrary.

  16. Turabian Footnotes • Journal Article (print) 1. Alexandra Bogren, “Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate,” Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 156. • Journal Article (online) 1. Campbell Brown, “Consequentialize This,” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 752, accessed December 1, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696. 2. AnastaciaKurylo, “Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum,” China Media Research 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 16, accessed March 9, 2013, Academic OneFile.

  17. Turabian Footnotes • Website 1. Susannah Brooks, “Longtime Library Director Reflects on a Career at the Crossroads,” University of Wisconsin-Madison News, September 1, 2011, accessed May 14, 2012, http://www.news.wisc.edu/19704. 2. “Toy Safety,” McDonald’s Canada, accessed November 30, 2011, http://www.mcdonalds.ca/en/community/toysafety.aspx. • Biblical References • Only included in footnotes • Use an abbreviated form of the book • List which version in the first citation

  18. General Turabian Guidelines • Bibliography • “Bibliography” centered at the top of the page • Uses the same information as initial footnotes, yet with minute differences. • Alphabetical order by last name • Only the first author’s name is reversed • Hanging indent • Multiple works by the same author • Author’s name on first • A 3-em dash replaces name thereafter (———)

  19. Turabian Bibliography • Rules of Thumb • Reverse the first name only. • Change commas to periods between items. • Remove parentheses • Remove specific page numbers.

  20. Turabian Bibliography • Book (single author or editor) Gladwell, Malcolm, ed. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000. • Book (two or three authors) Morey, Peter and AminaYaqin, Framing Muslims: Stereotyping and Representation after 9/11. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011. • Book (four or more authors) List all names in bibliography

  21. Turabian Bibliography • Journal Article (print) Bogren, Alexandra. “Gender and Alcohol: The Swedish Press Debate.” Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2011): 140-156. • Journal Article (online) Brown, Campbell. “ConsequentializeThis.” Ethics 121, no. 4 (July 2011): 740- 752. Accessed December 1, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660696. Kurylo, Anastacia. “Linsanity: The Construction of (Asian) Identity in an Online New York Knicks Basketball Forum.” China Media Research 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 11-16.Accessed March 9, 2013. Academic OneFile.

  22. Turabian Bibliography • Website • Usually only included in footnotes unless it is critical to your argument or it is frequently cited Brooks, Susannah. “Longtime Library Director Reflects on a Career at the Crossroads.” University of Wisconsin-Madison News. September 1, 2011. Accessed May 14, 2012. http://www.news.wisc.edu/19704. McDonalds. “Toy Safety.” McDonald’s Canada. Accessed November 30, 2011. http://www.mcdonalds.ca/en/community/toysafety.aspx.

  23. Heading…top, center, Hanging indent Alphabetical order Multiple works by same author

  24. Footnote Practice • Citing pages 32-33 in a book entitled The Man Inside Me by Tobias Fünke. It was published in 2004 by Bluth Publications, which is located in Newport Beach, California. • Citing an online article entitled “Borg Babes, Drones, and the Collective: Reading Gender and the Body in Star Trek” written by Mia Consalvo. It was found in the Summer 2004 issue of Women's Studies in Communication, Vol. 27 Issue 2, page 180. The article is found on pages 177 to 203. It was accessed on June 24, 2013 from EBSCOhost Communication and Mass Media Complete. • Citing the main page of a website entitled “Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog,” created by Robert Loblaw. It was accessed on June 24, 2013 under the following URL: www.loblawlawblog.com.

  25. Bibliography Practice Using the information from the previous slide, make bibliography entries for each citation.

  26. The Answers 1. Tobias Fünke, The Man Inside Me(Newport Beach, CA: Bluth Publications, 2004), 32-33. 2. Mia Consalvo, “Borg Babes, Drones, and the Collective: Reading Gender and the Body in Star Trek,” Women’s Studies in Communication 27, no. 2 (Summer 2004): 180, accessed June 24, 2013, EBSCOhost Communication and Mass Media Complete. 3. Robert Loblaw, “Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog,” accessed June 24, 2013, http://ww.loblawlawblog.com.

  27. The Answers Fünke, Tobias. The Man Inside Me. Newport Beach, CA: Bluth Publications, 2004. Consalvo, Mia. “Borg Babes, Drones, and the Collective: Reading Gender and the Body in Star Trek.” Women’s Studies in Communication 27, no. 2 (Summer 2004): 177-203. Accessed June 24, 2013. EBSCOhost Communication and Mass Media Complete. Loblaw, Robert. “Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog.” Accessed June 24, 2013. http://ww.loblawlawblog.com.

  28. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/manual/index.htmlhttp://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/manual/index.html

  29. Contact Information • Undergraduate Writing Center • undergradwriting@liberty.edu • 434-592-3174 • Graduate Writing Center • graduatewriting@liberty.edu • 434-592-4727 • Online Writing Center • onlinewriting@liberty.edu

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