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Anaerob ic G+rods to filaments

Detailed overview of Actinomyces causing cervicofacial, thoracic, pelvic infections, Nocardia leading to pulmonary issues, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing tuberculosis. Includes microscopy, biochemistry, cultivation, pathogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Anaerob ic G+rods to filaments

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  1. AnaerobicG+rods to filaments Rod Actinomyces (A. israelii, A. naeslundii) Microscopy: G + rods to filaments Biochemistry: glucosis fermentation Cultivation: anaerobic, 5-7 day growth Pathogenity: common in the mouth, vagina, endogenous ng Forms: cervikofacial (neck fistule) inoculation by face trauma for ex. ski stick abdominal – looks like cancer thoracic – atypic pneumonia pelvic – occurs in woman fitted with plastic intra-uterine contraceptive devices Typical for actinomycosis, „pus“ contain characteristic agglomerate of microbes Dg.: direct – microscopy and cultivation Treatment: PNC (doxycyklin, linkomycin) Disease like this is also causedby Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium (cause also acne) originhttp://www.pediatricsconsultantlive.com/sites/default/files/peds/2077661.png

  2. Aerobic G+rods to filamentsNocardia (N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis) Microscopy: G + rods to filaments, often disintegrate Cultivation: aerobic actinomycets, velvet white to yellowish colonies, aerobic growth on most nonselective media, (2-3 days, to 14 days) Pathogenity:conditional patogens, lead to pulmonary infection, brain absces, skin form looks like actinomycosis (usually in tropical areas, comes from soil) Dg.: microscopy and cultivation Treatment: kotrimoxazol, drenage, tetracyklin http://www.gefor.4t.com/concurso/bacteriologia/nocardia2.gif

  3. M. tuberculosis Microscopy: don’t use Gramm stain Ziehl-Neelsenem stain of sputum (heatedcarbolfuchsin -acid diluted in ethanol, a blue/green counterstain ) -pink rods in ZN stain, blue background, called acid-fast bacilli Fluorescent stain Cultivation:solid soil (Löwenstein-Jensen)growth 3-6 weeks, yellow, cauliflower colonies, liquid media (Šula)formssemolina like sediment Pathogenesis:grow intracellulary (inside macrophages) and slowly, damage of a tissue is caused by reaction of macroorganism (late immune response no. IV) Pathogenicity:causetuberculosis (TB) Primary TB – lung disease, basilary meningitis, scrofulous lymphadenitisof necknodes Postprimary TB- reactivationwhen the individual ages or immune status changes, lung disease TB signs: caugh, blood caughing, temperature, weight loose

  4. M. tuberculosis II. Treatment: multidrug therapy, initial phase (2 months) - HRZS, HRZE – large numbers are killed, continuation phase (6-8 months) – remainders are killed (HR, HE) Epidemiology: transmitted by aerosols from an infected individual Prevention: vaccination in new-born babies, before next vaccination diagnostic test Mantoux is needed, after 48-72 hoursinduration occurs, vaccination is made only in tuberculinnegativeperson Dg.: microscopy, cultivation (L-J, Ogawa – solid media; Šula, Banič – liquid media) – 1,3,6 and 9 weeks. Demonstrationon guinea-pig, detection of metabolic products or PCR *H – INH, R – rifampicin, Z – pyrazinamid, S – streptomycin, E - etambutol

  5. M. tuberculosis „cauliflower“ colonies http://www.atmph.org/articles/2011/4/2/images/AnnTropMedPublicHealth_2011_4_2_110_85763_f3.jpg Ziehl-Neelsenem stain red rods on blue background www.medmicro.info

  6. Mycobacteriaother than tuberculosis M. bovis(BCG) - serves as vaccination strain M. leprae Will not grow in culture, only on mice, infection of peripheral nerves tuberculoid – anesthetic plaques on skin lepromatous – leads to loss of digits on fingers, face damage, blindness Atypic mycobacteria- are found in water + in soil, cause skin infection, TB like disease – lung infections, resistant to many antituberculotics – multidrug therapy is needed https://soniaduarteg.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/2476-lepra.jpg Foto: L. Černohorská

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