Topic: Post World War II

1. Topic: Post World War II Aim: Was the Cold War Inevitable?

2. “During WWII the United States the Soviet Union had a shotgun wedding. As soon as the war ended, they got a quickie divorce.”

3. The Big Three

4. I. Wartime Conferences • A. Tehran 1943 • 1.Agree to begin drive to liberate France • 2.Soviets would invade Germany and join war against Japan soon

5. B. Yalta February, 1945 • 5. United Nations to be formed in San Francisco • 1. Germany would be divided into occupation zones. • 2. Free elections in liberated countries • 3. Soviets would enter war with Japan (August 8, 1945) • 4. Soviet would control Sakhalin Island

6. Death of FDR

7. C. Potsdam – July 1945 • 1. Issue warning to Japan to surrender unconditionally. • 2. War crime trials Nazi's.

8. 3. No resolution of the question of eastern Europe and communist regimes installed there. • 4. Soviets have no intention of keeping Yalta promise

10. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1820’s • “Their starting point is different, and their courses are not the same: yet each of them seems to be marked out by the will of heaven to determine the destines of half the globe.”

11. II. Fundamental Differences

13. III. Soviet Expansion in Eastern Europe • A. Baltic States

14. B. Establishes “puppet regimes” become “soviet Satellites”

15. C. Turkey- need access to the Dardanelles to get warm water ports • D. Greece – • support • communist • rebellion

16. IV. Iron Curtain • “ From Stettin in the Baltic, Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe..all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject…to a very high increasing measure of control form Moscow. Whey they (the Soviets) desire is the fruits of war and the indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines…” Winston Churchill, Dayton Ohio

18. IV. US Policy of Containment • A. Goal: Keep Soviets from gaining anymore territory • B. Truman Doctrine: Lend $ to Greece and Turkey to help them fight off Communist insurgency.

20. C. Marshall Plan

22. Many European governments produced materials to explain the Marshall Plan to their citizens, such as this booklet printed by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Netherlands. The text and artwork are by Jo Spier (1900-1978), a Dutch, Jewish artist and writer who had been imprisoned in a German concentration camp during World War II and who emigrated to the U.S. in 1951. • A note in this English edition states that the original Dutch version, published in November 1949, was distributed to employers and employees, professional groups, teachers, students, and other groups in the Netherlands. It reached 2.5 million readers out of a total population of 10 million, a quarter of the nation.

23. C. Marshall Plan • 1. US would provide $$, supplies and machinery to help Western Europe rebuild • 2. Goal: Defuse Communist influence.

24. D. Soviet Reaction • 1. Disallows Satellite states from participating.

25. E. Berlin Airlift • 1. Soviets block all access to city. • 2. US responds with airlift to bring 2,325,508.8 tons of food, coal, passengers and baggage over a year

27. V. Collective Security

28. “If the free nations of the world do not stand together, they will fall one by one.” • Dean Acheson

29. A. North Atlantic Treaty Organization • 1. Mutual defense pact among U.S. and European allies. • 2. “An attack on one NATO country would be an attack on all.” • 3. NATO meant to balance Soviet military power in Europe. • 4. Marshall Plan and NATO?????

30. B. Warsaw Pact • 1. Soviet Union and its satellite nations. • 2. Counter NATO