1 / 12

Starter .... Complete the flow chart and glossary terms

Learn about the immune system's response to infection and injury, including the activation of mast cells, production of histamine and cytokines, vasodilation and increased permeability of blood capillaries, recruitment of phagocytes, complement system, blood clotting, and immunological surveillance. Glossary terms and a flow chart are provided.

rmaxwell
Download Presentation

Starter .... Complete the flow chart and glossary terms

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Starter .... Complete the flow chart and glossary terms

  2. Help card ... • FOLLOWING INJURY, MAST CELLS IN THE TISSUES BECOME ACTIVATED TO PRODUCE HISTAMINE AND VARIOUS CYTOKINES, WHICH THEN TRIGGER THE START OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. • HISTAMINE CAUSES VASODILATION AND INCREASED PERMEABILITY OF BLOOD CAPILLARIES. THIS RESULTS IN AN INCREASED BLOOD FLOW TO THE INFECTED AREA AND ALLOWS OTHER CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO REACH THE INFECTED TISSUES.   • CYTOKINES ARE SMALL SIGNALLING MOLECULES THAT ATTRACT PHAGOCYTES TO THE SITE OF INFECTION. PHAGOCYTES ARE WHITE BLOOD CELLS THAT ENGULF AND DESTROY THE BACTERIA THAT HAVE CAUSED THE INFECTION, THEY ALSO ENGULF AND DESTROY DAMAGED TISSUE CELLS. • THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIA AT THE SITE OF INFECTION STIMULATES ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS KNOWN AS ‘COMPLEMENT’ TO ARRIVE AT THE SITE OF INFECTION. THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM HELPS THE BODY TO RID ITSELF OF INFECTION BY AMPLIFYING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE.   • CLOTTING ELEMENTS ARE ALSO ATTRACTED TO THE SITE OF INFECTION, WHERE THEY ACT TO PROMOTE COAGULATION OF THE BLOOD. THIS PREVENTS THE SITE OF INFECTION FROM BLEEDING AND ALLOWS THE INFECTED AREA TO HEAL.

  3. Glossary terms

  4. Flow chart

  5. Immune system diseases Non specific immunity Disease survival mechanisms Physical & chemical barriers Infectious Disease Inflammatory Transmission Epidemiology Non-specific Cellular response Specific immunity Public Health Vaccination Immunological surveillance Clonal Selection theory T cells B cells Big picture

  6. What do these all have in common?

  7. What do these all have in common? Observatory/ telescope Lighthouse Eagle – watching Life guard

  8. Learning outcomes • Explain immunological surveillance

  9. Immunological surveillance! • A range of types of white blood cell (leukocytes) constantly circulate, monitoring the tissues. • If tissues become damaged or invaded a variety of cells release cytokines, which recruit specific white blood cells to the site of infection or tissue damage. • This is called immunological surveillance

  10. Many white cells circulate and monitor

  11. LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS) ARE THE MOST NUMEROUS CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. • THEY ARE PRODUCED IN THE BONE MARROW AND USE THE BLOOD TO TRANSPORT THEMSELVES AROUND THE BODY – THEY ARE CONSTANTLY ON THE LOOKOUT FOR MICROBES, PATHOGENS, ANTIGENS ETC. LEUKOCYTES CAN LEAVE THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND ENTER THE TISSUES, WHERE THEY FUNCTION. •  IF THE TISSUES BECOME DAMAGED OR INVADED, LEUKOCYTES ARE CAPABLE OF SECRETING OVER 100 DIFFERENT PROTEIN MESSENGERS KNOWN COLLECTIVELY AS CYTOKINES. • CYTOKINES REGULATE HOST CELL GROWTH AND FUNCTION IN BOTH SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC DEFENCES. • SECRETION OF CYTOKINES CAN TRIGGER A NUMBER OF RESPONSES. • SOME CYTOKINES ARE CHEMOKINES (CHEMOATTRACTANTS). • ONCE SECRETED THESE CHEMOKINES ATTRACT PHAGOCYTES (NON-SPECIFIC) AND T CELLS (SPECIFIC) TO THE SITE OF INJURY. • THIS STIMULATES AN INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AS WELL AS AN IMMUNE RESPONSE.

  12. Immunological surveillance THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IS MOST LIKE ..... • NOSY PARKERS • VIGILANTES • NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH • CCTV • BIG BROTHER BECAUSE ......

More Related