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Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part II

Explore the dynamic landscape of health patterns, identifying disease chains, modes of transmission, and epidemic classes in community health. Learn about disease investigation techniques and the crucial role of epidemiology in clinical practice. Discover the multistep epidemiologic approach, from defining associations to prevention strategies. Delve into different levels of prevention and how they aim to modify risks and prevent exposures effectively.

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Epidemiology and Public Health Introduction, Part II

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  1. Epidemiology and Public HealthIntroduction, Part II

  2. Changing Patterns of Community Health • Health patterns in constant state of flux • Infectious versus chronic diseases • Population and age-related

  3. Chain of Infection • Etiological agent • Source/Reservoir • Portal of exit • Mode of transmission • Portal of entry • Susceptible host

  4. Modes of Transmission • Contact transmission • Vehicle transmission • Vector transmission

  5. Classes of Epidemics • Common source (vs. sporadic) • Point source • Intermittent • Continuous • Propagated Your Assignment: Define these terms & identify which apply to the following three graphs

  6. Disease Investigation • Establish diagnosis • Identify specific agent • Describe according to person, place and time • Identify source of agent • Identify mode of transmission • Identify susceptible populations

  7. Epidemiology and Clinical Practice • Clinical practice dependent on epidemiology • Epidemiology defines natural history of disease • Even descriptive information is useful

  8. The Epidemiologic Approach • Multistep process • First - determine association • Then prove causation • Not all associations are causal • Examine validity, false assumptions- • e.g. - fluoride in water

  9. Analytic Studies • Type of study • Design • Analysis of data

  10. Epidemiology and Prevention • Identify high risk populations • Modify risks • Prevent exposures

  11. Levels of Prevention • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  12. Levels of Prevention (cont’d) • Primary • Involves halting any occurrence of a disease or disorder before it happens

  13. Levels of Prevention (cont’d) • Secondary • Health screening and detection activities

  14. Levels of Prevention (cont’d) • Tertiary • Retard or block the progression of condition

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