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Egypt's Nile River Valley: Influence and Development

Explore the significance of the Nile River Valley in ancient Egypt's civilization, from its predictable floods and fertile soil to the rise and decline of powerful pharaohs. Discover the impact of the Nile on Egypt's culture, economy, and relationships with neighboring civilizations.

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Egypt's Nile River Valley: Influence and Development

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  1. Centered around the Nile River Valley • The Nile floods at the same time every year • During flooding, fertilizing silt is deposited in the soil & forms the Nile River’s Delta • The floods are predictable which was associated with their Gods

  2. Cataracts of the Nile divide the River & create rapids • The first cataract marked the southern border of Upper Egypt • The Nile flows north thus Lower Egypt is to the North • Egypt is protected by deserts to the east & west

  3. Old Kingdom • 2700 – 2200 BCE • Middle Kingdom • 2050 – 1800 BCE • New Kingdom • 1550 – 1100 BCE

  4. Also called the “Pyramid Age” • Ruling pharaohs built tombs that would last for eternity • Building usually started when they took the throne

  5. Probably based on Sumerian script • Pictographic & alphabetic elements

  6. Upper & Lower Egypt united • Pharaohs have strong central authority & absolute power • A vizier was the chief minister who supervised day-to-day government

  7. Power struggles between local Monarchs • Food shortages due to crop failures & drought • High cost of the pyramids

  8. Pharaohs restore prosperity & stability • Trade with Nubians to the south increases • The cultures of the two peoples begin to mix • Eventually the Egyptian army occupies Nubia

  9. Cult of Osiris grows and allows more people to enter the afterlife • More arable land due to drainage projects

  10. Invaded by the Hyksos from Western Asia • Hyksosadopt Egyptian customs & beliefs

  11. New leaders drive out Hyksos & result in stronger pharaohs: Tutankhamen Nefertiti

  12. Hatshepsut – female pharaoh who encouraged trade • Akhenaton/ AmonhotepIV- the first monotheist and husband of Nefertiti • King Tut - famous tomb • Ramses II – Very powerful & ruled for 67 years, defeated the Hittites

  13. Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

  14. Abu Simbel Temple of Ramses II

  15. Typical housing during the New Kingdom in Egypt.

  16. Large empire reaches to the Euphrates River • More contact with other civilizations • First known peace treaty signed with the Hittites

  17. Power declines after Ramses II • A succession of invaders conquer Egypt (Sea People, Hyksos, Persians, & Greeks)

  18. Why did Egypt develop along the Nile River Valley and how did the river affect Egypt’s civilization?

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