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Ideology

Ideology. Review. Capitalism = a power structure Basis of the structure = class oppression Key concepts: Alienation of labor Base/superstructure Hegemony Capital Use value, exchange value Bourgeoisie VS. proletariat Commodification. Marx’s Vision.

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Ideology

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  1. Ideology

  2. Review • Capitalism = a power structure • Basis of the structure = class oppression • Key concepts: • Alienation of labor • Base/superstructure • Hegemony • Capital • Use value, exchange value • Bourgeoisie VS. proletariat • Commodification

  3. Marx’s Vision • History of every period = story of class struggles • Final period: Workers rise to overturn oppressive bourgeoisie • Climax: Communism • Equal distribution and ownership of shared resources • End of exploitation

  4. Hegemony • Why did Marx prediction never came true? • Hegemony: ruling by consent of the amasses • Society • State government: • Civil society (culture or superstructure) • Bourgoreise infiltrate its ideas and beliefs into culture (ways of life); people subscribe to them: creating consent and agreement

  5. Frankfurt School (1923-1930):Aims • Challenge hegemony • Educate people to use theory to be critical of culture • Build the intellectual defense against “consensual” domination “A central objective of the Frankfurt School was to find ways of resisting and indeed breaking out of, the cultural manipulations of late capitalism.” –Glyn Daly, Marxist critic

  6. “The fundamental and enduring legacy of Marx consists in the fact that he told the truth about the lie of liberal capitalism: The dominant view of the capitalist economy as a ‘free market’—where individuals are deemed to be at liberty to make their won contracts…--was shown by Marx to be the greatest liberal myth of the modern age.” –Glyn Daly, Marxist scholar

  7. Ideology • What maintains subjection/domination in society • Distorts reality • Unconscious set of beliefs and assumptions taken to be “natural,” “real,” “right” that help maintain domination and assymetrical power system in society • See p. 54 of Tyson, p. 85 of Bertens • Has real material existence: propagated through cultures (films, literature, advertisements, speeches) • Gained from cultural conditioning/socialization

  8. Interpellation • The process of being passivelydrawn into internalizing/accepting an ideology, leading us to become its subject: subjected subject • Forms our sense of reality and place/purpose in society: shapes our worldviews and behaviors  productive • Interpellated through Ideological State Apparatus (ISA)

  9. Louis Althusser’sTheory of Domination Repressive State Apparatus Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) Agents conditioning order and submission School Church Workplace Families Private domain • Order and submission through hard power & authority Police • Military • Conquest • Governmental force “Culture…is the primary bearer of ideology because it reaches so many people in what seems to be an innocent form: entertainment.” Tyson

  10. What role does ideology play in these things? • How does domination and oppression happen? Why don’t people rise up against the bourgeoisie? • How do we become oppressed or dominated? • Why do people act or go against their interest? (e.g. voting: The poor voting for Republicans who give the rich tax breaks.)

  11. Practicing Marxist Analysis • “Critical thinking [about ideology] leads to agency and intervention.” Parker’s How to Interpret Literature

  12. Ideology Analysis Looking at the artifacts brought to class, what ideology is being propagated? What is the consequence of such ideology? What are some ideologies you hold dear and near to your heart that we should interrogate?

  13. Sample Ideologies • It is rude to ask about salary. • The customer is always right. • If you work hard, you can get anything you want. • Thank you for your service to the country. • 100% satisfaction guaranteed or money back.

  14. Deeper Analysis of Magazines

  15. Final Thoughts Now that you know what ideology is and how it works, • How do you know you’re thinking for yourself? • What will you do to develop critical defense so you’re not easily interpellated?

  16. Based on what you know about Marxism, how would you respond to the earlier tweets—particularly, how they’re conceiving Marxism?

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