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Warm Up

Warm Up. What is this?. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table. Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10. The Green Pea Analogy. 0. +. +. 0. Looking at an Atom. In the Nucleus: Protons have a +1 charge Neutrons have no charge Outside the Nucleus (Electron Cloud) Electrons have a –1 charge

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Warm Up

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  1. Warm Up • What is this?

  2. Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 10

  3. The Green Pea Analogy

  4. 0 + + 0 Looking at an Atom • In the Nucleus: • Protons have a +1 charge • Neutrons have no charge • Outside the Nucleus (Electron Cloud) • Electrons have a –1 charge • Electrons are arranged in Energy Levels -

  5. Relative Mass??? 1 amu • Protons - • Neutrons - • Electrons - 1 amu 0 amu Atomic Mass Units

  6. Attractive Forces and Volume space • Most of the volume in an atom is ________. • Electrons are kept in orbit by the attraction force of the ________. protons

  7. Atoms vs. Elements • Elements - • Atom - A pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by ordinary physical or chemical means The smallest part of an element

  8. The Periodic Table of the Elements

  9. Symbols • The symbol for an element is formed from the first letter or two of its name. • C = carbon • Si = silicon • The symbol doesn’t always come from our language. • Ag is Silver • Na is Sodium

  10. It’s Greek to Me!!! Symbols from Latin

  11. Atomic Number • Atomic Number = Protons = Electrons • Makes Atom Neutral • A=P=E

  12. Practice on Flipchart

  13. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons. Find neutrons by subtracting Atomic Number from Mass Number M-A=N Mass Number

  14. Finding Neutrons on Flipchart

  15. APE MAN SHEET • Try 1, 5, 7, 11, 15, and 18 on your own

  16. List the 3 subatomic particles and give the location, charge and mass for each • Which subatomic particle determines the identity of the atom? • What makes up most of the volume of the atom?

  17. Energy Levels

  18. Bohr Diagram

  19. Bohr Diagram’s • Draw in Bohr diagrams into your periodic table pages.

  20. Lewis Structures • Show valence electrons only– Draw Structures for H, Ca, and O in folder

  21. Warm up • Have you noticed any pattern yet to the periodic table? (Hint: Pattern in rows and columns?)

  22. Vertical columns: Groups or Families Tells us number of valence (outside) electrons Groups

  23. Periods • Rows or Periods • As go down, you add an energy level

  24. Complete Periodic Table Practice Sheet I

  25. Putting it All Together…Bohr Model • Determine Protons, Electrons from Atomic Number • Determine Neutrons from Mass Number minus protons. • Determine Energy Levels from Period • Determine Valence Electrons from Group #

  26. IA - Alkali Metals IIA - Alkaline Earth Metals IIIB – Boron Group IVB – Carbon Group VB – Nitrogen Group VIB – Oxygen Group VIIB - Halogens VIIIB - Noble Gases Families to Know – Label in Folder

  27. Labeling the Table

  28. Homework • Periodic Table Practice II • Can not do # 5 yet.

  29. How many valence electrons are in: • Potassium • Aluminum • Xenon • How many energy levels are in: • Potassium • Aluminum • Xenon Write the Lewis Structure for each of these three.

  30. Ions • An ion is a charged atom (+ or -). • Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to become stable. • Stable atoms have full valence shells (8 valence electrons, or 2 if it is the 1st shell) • Metals tend to Lose, Nonmetals Gain H-1 H+1

  31. - + + Ion Symbols • Hydrogen – H has 1 valence electron • If it loses the valence electron • It loses one negative charge • Therefore it has a +1 charge. Write the symbol: H+1

  32. Ion Animation

  33. Practice Writing Ions on Flipchart • Ion Bead Lab

  34. Warm Up • Why do atoms gain or lose electrons? • Atoms with one or two valence electrons become what type of ions (positive or negative)? • Atoms with six or seven valence electrons become what type of ions (positive or negative)? • Noble gases become what type of ion?

  35. Alkali Metals: • 1 valence electron • Forms + 1 ions

  36. Hydrogen: “Unique” • Not part of any group • Can act as a metal or a non metal

  37. Alkaline Earth Metals: • 2 Valence electrons • + 2 ions

  38. Noble Gases • Noble Gases: “Inert” • 8 Valence Electrons, He: 2 • Full outer energy level • Does not form ions • Do not readily chemically combine

  39. Halogen Groups • 7 Valence Electrons • form - 1 ions

  40. Other Groups • Boron Group – 3 valence – Forms +3 ions • Carbon Group – 4 valence – Forms -4 ions • Nitrogen Group – 5 valence – Forms -3 ions • Oxygen Group – 6 valence – Forms -2 ions

  41. +1 0 Oxidation numbers +2 +3 +4 -3 -2 -1

  42. Practice • How many electrons in a magnesium atom? • How many electrons in a sodium atom? • How many electrons in a magnesium ion? • How many electrons in a sodium ion? • What nobles gas has the same electron configuration as sodium and magnesium ions?

  43. Two or more atoms of the same element (same number of protons) that have different numbers of neutrons, so therefore have different mass numbers. Written two ways: C-14 or C14 Isotope 6

  44. Atomic Mass = Average of all the isotopes of an element.

  45. Practice Writing Isotopes • Symbols to and from Isotopes Worksheet • Complete Isotope Bead Lab • HW: Periodic Table Practice III

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