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The Renaissance “Rebirth”

The Renaissance “Rebirth”. 1300’s-1600’s. Renaissance = rebirth. Began in Italy Rome and all of it’s history was there Characteristics: Revival in learning Urban society with a secular (worldly) viewpoint and wealth

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The Renaissance “Rebirth”

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  1. The Renaissance“Rebirth” 1300’s-1600’s

  2. Renaissance = rebirth • Began in Italy • Rome and all of it’s history was there • Characteristics: • Revival in learning • Urban society with a secular (worldly) viewpoint and wealth • Recovery from disasters like the plague and a decline in the Church’s power • Emphasized individual ability- “Renaissance Man” like Leonardo da Vinci

  3. Important Italian City-States • Florence (Northern Italy) • Medici family (Lorenzo Medici especially) • Cultural center of Italy

  4. Niccolo Machiavelli • Wrote The Prince • About political power in the western world • How to get and keep power • Leader acts on behalf of the state and can’t be concerned with what is morally right/wrong, only what will keep him in power

  5. Renaissance Society • 3 estates/classes • Peasants/Townspeople • 85-90% of the population • Mostly merchants and artisans • 1300’s-1400’s feudalism ended and urban poverty rose dramatically • Urban society • Patricians: wealth from trade, industry, and banking (dominate community) • Burghers: shopkeepers, artisans • Workers: pitiful wages • Unemployed: 30-40% of population • Nobles • 2-3% of population • Held most important political posts, advisors to the king • Clergy

  6. Humanism • Intellectual movement of the Renaissance • Based on study of the classics (ancient Greeks and Romans) • Petrarch: father of Italian humanism, began emphasis on using pure classical Latin • 14th century: intellectual life of solitude (monks) • 15th century: active life for one’s state, study of humanities should be put to the service of the state so they served as secretaries in the city-states and to the princes and popes

  7. Vernacular Literature (own language) • Dante: Divine Comedy – a soul’s journey to salvation, written in Italian • Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales- collection of stories told by a group journeying to the tomb of St. Thomas a Becket at Canterbury in England, described English society, written in English • Christine de Pizan: French works written in defense of women, French vernacular

  8. Education • Humanists believed education could dramatically change human beings’ lives • Liberal Studies • Enabled people to reach full potential • History, moral philosophy, rhetoric (public speaking), grammar and logic, math, astronomy, music, and physical education • Purpose: to produce individuals who follow a path of virtue and wisdom, a practical education to create complete citizens

  9. Girls’ Education • Few went to school • Girls studied the classics and were encouraged to know some history, how to ride, dance, sing, play the lute, and appreciate poetry • NOT taught rhetoric or math • Religion and morals should be the foremost in educating “Christian ladies” so they could become good wives and mothers

  10. Artistic Renaissance in Italy • Humans became the focus of attention and were portrayed realistically • Perspective: enabled artists to create the illusion of 3 dimensions so art looks more realistic http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v407/n6801/images/407134aa.0.jpg

  11. New Techniques in Painting • Fresco: painting done on wet plaster • Masaccio very well known for his frescoes • Also one of first to master perspective The Tribute Money www.myeport.com/.../slideshow/2/1.28070.G.jpg

  12. Sculpture and Architecture • Donatello • Sculptor • Statue of Saint George: realistic, freestanding figure Donatello: Statue of Saint George http://www.artchive.com/artchive/d/donatello/donatello_george.jpg

  13. Masters of the High Renaissance 1490-1520: Final stage of Renaissance painting • Leonardo da Vinci • Realistic painting • Goal was to create idealized forms that would capture the perfection of nature and the individual • Dissected bodies to see how they naturally worked Mona Lisa The Last Supper www.latifm.com/artists/image/da-vinci-leonard... www.penwith.co.uk/artofeurope/leonardo_da_vin...

  14. Raphael • One of best painters in Italy • Known for his Madonnas • Tried to achieve an ideal of beauty far surpassing human standards • Known for frescoes in the Vatican Palace The School of Athens www.penwith.co.uk/artofeurope/raphael.htm

  15. Michelangelo • Painter, sculptor, architect • Driven by desire to create, worked with great passion and energy on many projects • Sistine Chapel ceiling in Rome • Ideal figures in perfect proportions http://www.italianvisits.com/people/michelangelo/images/michelangelo-sistine_chapel.jpg

  16. Northern Artistic RenaissanceLow Countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands • Flanders: cultural and artistic center of the Northern Renaissance • How was the Northern Renaissance different than in Italy? (besides happening a little later) • Italy: Large spaces to work on, mastered technical skills that allowed them to portray humans in realistic settings • North: Gothic Cathedrals (less space), no frescoes, painted illustrations for books and wooden panels for altar pieces, not as many learned perspective as quickly

  17. Artists of the Northern Renaissance • Jan van Eyck • Among 1st to use oil paint, could use a variety of colors and create fine details with it • Imitated nature by observing reality and portraying those details the best he could • Did NOT use perspective The Ghent Altarpiece www.ibiblio.org/.../auth/eyck/ghent/ghentopn.jpg

  18. Albrecht Dürer • Learned perspective during trips to Italy • Tried to use the details of the Northern artists and combine with the Italian techniques • Tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty based on careful examination of the human form The Adoration of the Maji imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/SHD/S10

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