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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE. Manual guidance means. Disk markers Foam spray Flags – aerial spraying Tissue markers – aerial spraying. Vehicle Automated Guidance. Furrow followers Cable tether

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DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE

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  1. DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF VEHICLE GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE

  2. Manual guidance means • Disk markers • Foam spray • Flags – aerial spraying • Tissue markers – aerial spraying

  3. Vehicle Automated Guidance • Furrow followers • Cable tether • Buried Cable Followers • Machine Vision • Positioning Systems

  4. Purpose • Increase efficiency • Reduce fatigue and boredom • Save money • Fewer operators

  5. Resistance • Initial cost • Reliability • Elaborate set-up • Ag machines are “iron tough”

  6. Vehicle Navigation Requirements • Parallel swathing • Crop-edge tracking • Precision path tracking • Turning assists function • Remote guidance • Multi-vehicle cooperation

  7. First guidance attempt First furrow follower patented in 1924 • U.S. Patent 1,506,706 • Suggested use of guide wheel as a mechanical feeler tethered to the steering wheel so that the tractor could follow a furrow for cultivation

  8. Low Cost Auto Steer - Australia

  9. Furrow Guide • Developed by University of Southern Queensland Nat’l Center for Engineeering • Speeds to 15 km/hr • Furrow following skids or chain • Accuracy of +/- 25 mm • U.S $6,250

  10. Machine Vision Research • Carnegie-Mellon Robotics Institute (1996) NH Speedrower at 7.2 km/hr Vision based perception of cut and uncut crop • Stanford University Carrier phase GPS on JD 7800 tractor Accuracy of 2.5 cm, 0.1 degree heading at 3.25 km/hr • Michigan State University Straight row guidance of Case 7190 MFW tractor Error of 6 cm at 4.8 km/hr, 12 cm at 12.9 km/hr • University of Illinois Joint study with Hokkaido University, Japan Used GPS, vision, inertial, and geomagnetic sensors

  11. Other attempts • Tethered wire for circular operation, Univ. of Illinois, 1941 • Mechanical feelers • Buried cables • John Deere orchard sprayer

  12. US DOD Global Positioning System • 24 satellites, 6 orbital planes • Orbit height of 11,000 miles • Four satellites needed for accurate positioning • Differential correction required for field navigation

  13. Hardware requirements • GPS Receiver • Differential correction signal receiver • Differential correction antenna • Computer/monitor interface

  14. GPS Light Bar • WAAS or L Band correction • Define first pass • Bright color LEDs define on or off track • Parallel, contour, or standard field tracking • Cost $4,000 - $5,000 • Operable day or night • Tracking accuracy, 15 cm

  15. GPS Autoguidance • Parallel, contour, or standard field tracking • WAAS or L Band corection • Increased field efficiency • Increased equipment utilization • Operable day or night • 14 cm (6 inch) accuracy sysyem, $9500 • One cm (one inch) accuracy, $40,000+

  16. Manufacturers • Trimble Navigation • Outback Guidance • Novatel • Beeline Technologies • Greenstar (John Deere) • Fieldstar (AGCO)

  17. Outback System claims • Install in two hours or less • Operate in 15 minutes or less • Exclusive “Contour” driving • Huge payback (dependent on crop)

  18. Future of Vehicle Guidance • Lightbar systems will be commonplace • Automated systems will increase in higher value crops • Multiple vehicle operation will be feasible • Remote vehicle operation will be feasible

  19. References • New Frontiers in the 21st Century: A Status Report on Autonomous Guidance of Agricultural Vehicles in the U.S., Dr. John Reid, University of Illinois • www.trimble.com • www.outbackguidance.com • “Driverless Tractors”; American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2001, J. F. Reid & D.G. Niehubr • The Precision Farming Guide for Agriculturalists, Deere & Company, 1997

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