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The Rise of Civilization

The Rise of Civilization. Pre-History Mesopotamia Egypt. Our Creation Myth: The Big Bang. University of Oregon. In the Beginning…. Timeline History of Universe (PBS) Interactive Timeline (PBS) The First Three Minutes (Ohio State) QuickTime Movie (1.9 MB) (Illinois). Geological Time.

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The Rise of Civilization

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  1. The Rise of Civilization Pre-History Mesopotamia Egypt

  2. Our Creation Myth: The Big Bang University of Oregon

  3. In the Beginning… Timeline History of Universe (PBS) Interactive Timeline (PBS) The First Three Minutes (Ohio State) QuickTime Movie (1.9 MB) (Illinois)

  4. Geological Time

  5. The Origin of Species: Lucy Nearly 40% complete specimen of Australopithecus afarensis, the ape which walked up right, discovered by Don Johanson in 1974 and dated to around 3.18 million years old. Becoming Human (PBS)

  6. Stone Age Hand Axes (300,000-500,000 BC)

  7. The Paleolithic Era (100,000- 10,000 BC)

  8. Paleolithic Religion: Chauvet Cave (30,000 BC) Southern France The Pont D’Arc on the Ardeche River

  9. Black Stag from the Lascaux Cave, France17,000 BC

  10. Chauvet Cave32,000 BC

  11. Standing Bison Altamira, Spain, middle period, 13,500-11,000 BC

  12. Chinese Horse from Lascaux Cave, France

  13. The Trance State: Contact with the Spirit World Paleolithic Religion: Images from the Spirit World (Linton Panel) (South African Rock Art)

  14. The Origins of Religion Nomadic Hunters/Gatherers following the Great Herds (MET timeline)(South African Rock Art)

  15. Venus of Willendorf c. 24,000-22,000 BCE 43/8 inches (11.1 cm) high limestone(Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna)

  16. Paleolithic Mythology: “The magical force and wonder of the female was no less a marvel than the universe itself, and this gave to woman a prodigious power…” Primitive Mythology (p.315) Joseph Campbell, (1959) Venus of Lausselc. 20,000-18,000 BClimestoneheight 17 inches (43 cm)

  17. 18,000 BC: The Conclusion of the Last Ice Age

  18. The Agricultural Revolutionc. 10,000 BC

  19. Halaf period pottery plate from Arpachiyah, upper Mesopotamia. Ca. 5000 B.C. (London: British Museum).

  20. Pottery Furnaces

  21. The Neolithic Era 9000-3000 BC Met Timeline

  22. Chatal Huyuck Near East Settlement 7000 BC

  23. Agra, in the Zagros Mountains of Iran

  24. The Goddess and Her Priest Ebih-Il, Priest-King Temple of Ishtar 2400 BC Terracotta Halaf female figurine from Chagar Bazar, c. 5000 B.C.

  25. Urnanshe (King of Lagash)2500 BC Limestone

  26. The First City: Ur Metropolitan Museum Exhibit: Art of the First Cities

  27. Political Change in Ancient Mesopotamia 3000-1000 BCE (OSSHE) Timeline of Mesopotamian History

  28. The Rise of Civilization The Ziggurat of Ur (2100 BC)

  29. The King’s Reign (One Revolution of the Zodiac) Head of an Akkadian ruler from Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik), Iraq, ca. 2250-2200 BC

  30. ISHTAR and the Descent into the Underworld ca. 1600 B.C. My lady abandoned heaven, abandoned earth, to the nether world she descended, Ianna abandoned heaven, abandoned earth, to the nether world she descended, Abandoned lordship, abandoned ladyship, to the nether world she descended. Small lapis lazuli stones she tied about her neck, Sparkling stones she fastened to her breast, A gold ring she gripped in her hand, A breastplate she bound about her breast. All the garments of ladyship she arranged about her body, Ointments she put upon her face. Ianna walked towards the nether world. (from A Sumerian Hymn to the Moon Goddess)

  31. The Babylonian Creation Story: Marduk and the Destruction of Tiamet: The Fall of the Goddess Dragon of Marduk ca. 604-562 B.C.; Mesopotamian, Neo-Babylonian Period; Ishtar Gate, Babylon

  32. The Fall of the Goddess: (from the Enuma Elish) Then joined issue Tiamat and Marduk, wisest of gods, They swayed in single combat, locked in battle. The lord spread out his net to enfold her, The Evil Wind, which followed behind, he let loose in her face. When Tiamat opened her mouth to consume him, He drove in the Evil Wind that she close not her lips. As the fierce winds charged her belly, Her body was distended and her mouth was wide open. He released the arrow, it tore her belly, It cut through her insides, splitting the heart. Having thus subdued her, he extinguished her life. He cast down her carcass to stand upon it. After he had slain Tiamat, the leader, Her band was shattered, her troupe broken up. Portrait Head of a Ruler:ca. 2100-2000 B.C. Metropolitan Museum

  33. The Emergence of the State: • Monarchy: the priest-king, basing the ruler’s authority on divine right • Bureaucracy: “middle management” by priests to regulate food distribution: record keeping: cuneiform pictographic writing, calendars, astronomy, mathematics. Eventually, tax collection and involuntary military service. • Class Distinctions: Priests and Nobles vs. commons • Religion: gradual predominance of male gods as warfare becomes a primary method of exercising control over extended territories: the story of Marduk and Tiamet • Law: end of vengeance and the emergence of justice: written codes administered by a Court, Hammurabi’s Code: lex talionis: “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”

  34. Administrative tablet with cylinder seal impression of a male figure, hunting dogs, and boars, 3100–2900 B.C.; Mesopotamia Clay

  35. Victory stele of Eannatum (Stele of the Vultures), from Girsu (modern Telloh), Syria, ca. 2600-2500 B.C.

  36. Law-Codex of Hammurabi 1650 BCE Basalt

  37. The First Epic: Gilgamesh’s Quest for Immortality Advice from Siduri on the shore of eternity: “O Gilgamesh, whither do you fare? The life you seek, you will not find. When the gods created man, They apportioned death to mankind; And retained life to themselves. O Gilgamesh, fill your belly, Make merry, day and night; Make of each day a festival of joy, Dance and play, day and night! Let your raiment be kept clean, Your head washed, body bathed. Pay heed to the little one, holding onto your hand, Let your wife delight in your heart. For in this is the portion of man.” Gilgamesh Summary (Hooker) Gilgamesh choking a small lionKhorsabad, palace of Sargon IINeo-Assyrian period, reign of Sargon II (721-705 BC)

  38. Bull-headed lyre (restored) from tomb 789 ("King's Grave"), Royal Cemetery, Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar), Iraq, ca. 2600 B.C.

  39. Mesopotamian Myths The Epic of Creation: the Battle of Marduk and Tiamet (from the Enuma Elish) (Sacred Texts) The Descent of the Goddess Ishtar into the Lower World (Sacred Texts) The Babylonian Story of the Deluge and The Epic of Gilgamesh (Sacred Texts) The Code of Hammurabi (Sacred Texts)

  40. Ishtar Gate in Babylon Mesopotamian 575 BCE

  41. Artist’s Reconstruction of The Marduk Ziggarut of Babylon (The Tower of Babel)

  42. Ishtar Gate in Babylon .Mesopotamian 575 bc

  43. Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin Iraq, ca. 720-705 B.C.

  44. Dying lioness, detail of a relief from the palace of Ashurbanipal, Nineveh (modern Kuyunjik), ca. 645-640 B.C.

  45. Palace at Persepolis Persian 521 BCE

  46. Ancient Egypt

  47. Egyptian Neolithic Art Male Figurine, Predynastic Period, late Naqada I–early Naqada II, ca. 3750–3550 B.C.EgyptianIvory; H. 2 1/2 in. (6.5 cm)

  48. The Nile

  49. Vessel, Predynastic Period, Naqada II, ca. 3450–3300 B.C.EgyptianPainted pottery; H. 11 3/4 in. (29.8 cm)

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