Colonial Resistance: Tensions and Rebellion Leading to Independence

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Summarize colonial resistance to British taxation. • Trace the mounting tension in Massachusetts. • Examine efforts made to avoid war between the colonies and the British. • Summarize the historical background of the Declaration of Independence.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 1 Colonial Resistance and Rebellion Conflicts between Great Britain and the American colonies escalate, until the colonists finally declare their independence. NEXT

4. SECTION 1 Colonial Resistance and Rebellion The Colonies Organize to Resist Britain The Sugar Act • King George III—British king during the American Revolution • Writs of assistance allow searches for smuggled goods, even in homes • Prime Minister Grenville passes Sugar Act to end colonial smuggling • Sugar Act—taxes on imports changed • Violators tried by vice-admiralty court, not colonial court • Merchants and traders fear reduced profits Continued . . . NEXT

5. The Sugar Act King George III—British king during the American Revolution Writs of assistance allow searches for smuggled goods, even in homes Prime Minister Grenville passes Sugar Act to end colonial smuggling Sugar Act—taxes on imports changed Violators tried by vice-admiralty court, not colonial court Merchants and traders fear reduced profits

6. Sugar Act  • How did the Sugar Act cause tension between the colonist and Britain? • The colonist believed that the Sugar Act would reduce their profits and that these taxes violated their rights because they were not represented in parliament. • More importantly, it meant colonists accused of violating the Act were tried in Vice-Admiral Courts rather than Colonial Courts • However the Act actually reduced the tax on molasses.

8. 1765 Stamp Act (Result: Parliament repealed the law.) British Action Parliament passed the Stamp Act to cover the cost of keeping troops in the colonies & to cover cost of French & Indian War. Colonists had to buy special stamps to prove that they paid a tax on printed things like wills, newspapers, playing cards. Colonial Reaction Some colonists unite to form the Sons of Liberty, a secret resistance group. They harass stamp distributors, boycott British goods, and prepare a Declaration of Rights and Grievances.

9. 2-1B  • How did the colonist respond to the Stamp Act and Townsend Act? • Colonial Protest increased, adopting resolutions denouncing the Stamp Act and boycotted British goods.

10. 1767 Townshend Acts  (Result: tension, bloody clashes, Parliament repealed the law) British Action Taxed goods that were imported into the colony from Britain, like lead, glass, paint, paper. Also tax tea and popular drinks in the colonies. Stations troops at major colonial ports to protect customs officers. Colonial Reaction Samuel Adams leads colonists in boycott of British goods, protesting “taxation without representation.” (Founders of the Sons of Liberty)

12. 2-1 1773 Tea Act Result: Parliament did NOT repeal the law Passed Intolerable Acts British Action Granted the British East India Company the right to sell tea to the colonies free of taxes that colonial tea sellers had to pay Colonial Reaction Boston Tea Party - Colonists in Boston rebel, dress like Indians & dump 18,000 pounds of East India Company tea into Boston harbor

14. 2-1 1774 Intolerable Acts  Results: more British Troops British Action King George III passed a series of laws, such as closing Boston Harbor and the Quartering Act, which allowed British troops to be housed in colonists’ homes; put General Gage in charge, who imposes martial law Colonial Reaction Led to the creation of the 1st Continental Congressand writes a declaration of colonial rights; said that if Britain used force, colonists would fight back

16. 2-1 1770 Boston Massacre  Crispus Attucks: was an American slave, merchant seaman and dockworker and African descent. 5 people massacre British Action Taunted by an angry mob, British troops fire into the crowd, killing 5 colonists Colonial Reaction Colonial agitators label the conflict a massacre and publish a dramatic engraving depicting the violence

18. 2-1C King George • What do you think King George set out to achieve when disciplining Massachusetts? • King George wanted to isolate and punish Massachusetts in hope that it would become more obedient and in order to keep the conflict from spreading.

19. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZMmPWTwTHc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cAZ8QJgFHOg

21. 2-1 1775 Lexington & Concord  British Action General Gage orders troops to march to Concord, Massachusetts to seize colonial weapons Colonial Reaction For the first time Minutemen intercept the British and engage in battle –Lexington (1st battle of Rev. War!!!) …. then at Concord, where minutemen formed and attacked British soldiers on their retreat killing hundreds

22. The Battle of Bunker Hill  • 2,400 British battle militia on Breed’s Hill, suffer 1,000 casualties • King George III rejects Continental Congress’s Olive Branch Petition

23. 2-1D Underestimating the Colonies • Yes • They failed to notice how angry and unified the colonist were. • No • The British believed that taxing the colonies was justified, because the colonies existed to benefit the British Empire, and they expected loyalty from the colonist. Do you think the British underestimated the colonist in 1770-1775?

24. 2-1E Olive Branch • Do you think the Olive Branch Petition was too little to late? • Yes, because King George had only responded to the colonist with punishment and by sending troops. • No, because a war would be costly both financially and in terms of fatalities.

25. 2-1F Enlightenment  • Why might the ideas of the Enlightenment appeal to the colonists? • Americans found support in the views of John Locke’s assertion that people had inalienable rights and that a social contract existed with every govt. and people had a right to overthrow any unfair govt.

26. Natural Rights and Common Sense  John Locke –social contract: declared that life, liberty, and property are natural rights that cannot be taken away

27. Natural Rights and Common Sense  • Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called Common Sense which argued that the colonies needed to declare independence, patriots supported the arguments • 500,000 copies were printed and this had a MAJOR influence!

28. 2-1G Jefferson • What reasons did Jefferson give to justify revolt by the colonies? • When a govt fails to protect its people’s inalienable rights, these people have a right to rebel and form a govt that will protect their rights.

29. Foreign Support  • France began to support the American Coloniesto get back at Great Britain. • Remember that France lost the Indian-French War to Britain. • The Colonies sent Benjamin Franklin to deal gain more support from the French.