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Class Reptilia

Class Reptilia. http://pixdaus.com/pics/1219987374qyueMCZ.jpg. General Characteristics. Reptilia = (L) r eptus - to creep Nails/claws for digging and locomotion Water conserving kidneys Enlarged lungs Internal fertilization Amniotic eggs with yolk and shell

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Class Reptilia

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  1. Class Reptilia http://pixdaus.com/pics/1219987374qyueMCZ.jpg

  2. General Characteristics • Reptilia = (L) reptus- to creep • Nails/claws for digging and locomotion • Water conserving kidneys • Enlarged lungs • Internal fertilization • Amniotic eggs with yolk and shell • Amnion= membrane enclosing embryo in fluid filled sac • Dry skin with keratinized epidermal scales • Keratin = protein (found in human nails and hair)

  3. Order Testudines • Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins • What’s the difference?- where they live. • Turtles: Mostly water (legs/feet highly webbed= flippers) • Tortoises: Mostly land (no webbing) • Terrapins: Combination (especially swampy areas) • Bony keratin shell • Top = carapace • Bottom = plastron (can possibly tell gender)

  4. http://naturescrusaders.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/gex_green-sea-turtle.jpghttp://naturescrusaders.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/gex_green-sea-turtle.jpg http://www.hedweb.com/animimag/tortoisg.jpg http://crabbyadventures.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/9-g.326162225_std.jpg http://www.aquaworld-crete.com/images/red-eared-terrapin.jpg

  5. Testudines etc. • Long life spans! • No teeth- sharp beak (keratin) • All oviparous • Female use hind limbs to dig nest and lay eggs • environmental sex determination (ESD): In the 1st trimester eggs incubated above a pivotal temperature of about 30°C (86°F) develop into females and those below about 30°C develop into males.http://www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/climate-change-and-sea-turtles.html

  6. Order Sphenodontida • Tuataras (only 2 surviving species!) • Found on offshore islands of New Zealand • Oviparous with ESD opposite to testudines • “Lizard-like”, but NOT lizards… • 2 rows of teeth on upper jaw, 1 row on lower jaw • No external ear • 3rd eye on top of head (only visible in young) • Nocturnal (live in burrows- come out at dusk and dawn to feed on insects and small vertebrates)

  7. http://aotearoa.cz/usrimg/aotearoa/Tuatara.jpg http://www.victoria.ac.nz/sbs/tuatara/gfx/naturalhistory/Figure2.png http://www.schoolgen.co.nz/img/D1.solar.factsheet.6.jpg

  8. Order Squamata • Most successful and diverse group of reptiles • 3 suborders: • Suborder Sauria = the lizards • Suborder Serpentes = the snakes • Suborder Amphisbaenia = worm lizards

  9. Suborder Sauria • About 4,500 species • 2 pairs of legs for the most part, legless lizards retain pectoral girdle and sternum • Most oviparous (some ovoviviparous or viviparous) • Vary in length (from a few centimeters to 3 m) • Commonly known lizards: • Geckos: subtropical, nocturnal (eyes adapted for this), capable of clicking vocals, adhesive disks on digits for clinging to trees and walls

  10. Venomous Lizards: the Gila Monster and the Mexican Beaded Lizard (heavy bodied, live in southwest America, venom introduced when chewing-through grooves on surface of teeth) • Iguanas: Robust body with short neck. • group includes marine iguanas of Galapagos, flying dragons of Asia (lateral folds of skin supported by ribs- glides 30+ m), and chameleons of Africa and India. *Anolis (“the pet-store chameleon” is NOT a true chameleon)

  11. Suborder Serpentes • About 2,900 species • Only about 300 of these are dangerous to humans • About 30,000 deaths/year (snake bites) • Most deaths in Southeast Asia • 9-15 deaths in US (due to available emergency care) • Lack limbs, however, pelvic girdles and appendages ARE present in pythons and boas

  12. Skeleton = 200+ vertebrae (joints between each) and pairs of ribs • Upper and lower jaws loosely joined (each can move independently) to facilitate swallowing prey • Loss of left lung, displacement of gall bladder, right kidney and often gonads. • Most snakes oviparous (but many give birth to live young- such as new world vipers, boas, and many cobras)

  13. Suborder Amphisbaenia • About 135 species- most legless • Live in soils of Africa, South America, the Caribbean, and Mideast. • 2 headed (1 head at each end of body) • Skulls are wedge/shovel shaped • Single median tooth in upper jaw • Ringlike folds of skin called annuli • Can easily move forward or backward • Feed on worms and small insects • Oviparous

  14. http://www.bluechameleon.org/Photo%20&%20Image%20Stockpile%20-%20BCV/Bipes%20biporus.jpghttp://www.bluechameleon.org/Photo%20&%20Image%20Stockpile%20-%20BCV/Bipes%20biporus.jpg http://zoltantakacs.com/zt/im/scan/reptiles/amphisbaena_alba_worm_lizard_110747.jpg http://americanmonsters.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/Amphisbaena_alba2.jpg http://digimorph.org/specimens/Geocalamus_acutus/specimen.jpg

  15. Class Crocodylia • 21 species including alligators, crocodiles, gavials, and caimans • Different from other reptiles by openings in the skull in front of the eye and triangular eye orbits. • Powerful tail used for swimming, attacking, offensive and defensive maneuvers • May swallow rocks, etc. as abrasives for breaking apart large food items • Oviparous- Nesting behavior similar to birds

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