Directors: Chika Chuku Wonder Edem Jazmin Henderson Lesly Lopez Deondra Montgomery

1. Directors: Chika Chuku Wonder Edem JazminHenderson Lesly Lopez Deondra Montgomery Azucena Villalobos

2. History & Mission of BLAIDS • The Black & Latino AIDS Project was founded in 1991 by CCM and BPHO, in response to high rates of HIV/AIDS infections and low admission rates to four-year universities in the Black and Latino communities in LA. • The goal of BLAIDS is to educate the Black and Latino communities about HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted illnesses(STIs), teen pregnancy and the pursuit of higher education.

3. History of the disease • AIDS was officially recognized by the CDC in 1982 and its cause, HIV, was identified in 1984 by scientists. • By 1986, more than 86,000 cases of AIDS had been reported in 85 countries. • In 2011, 2.5 million new cases of HIV were reported. • As of 2012, there are over 33.4 million worldwide living with HIV. 3.4 million of them are under the age of 15.

4. HIV/AIDS in the U.S • Approximately 1.7 million people in the U.S. live with HIV. • Black/African-American & Hispanic/Latino communities are disproportionately affected • Men who have sex with men are also predominantly affected • In 2010, MSM accounted for 63% of estimated new HIV infections in the U.S. • Black/African-American MSM accounted for 36% estimated new HIV infections • Hispanic/Latino MSM accounted for 22% estimated new HIV infections

5. What is HIV? H I V uman mmunodeficiency irus

6. What is AIDS? cquired A I D S mmune eficiency yndrome

7. STAGES OF HIV

8. 1. ACUTE INFECTION • The HIV virus begins to destroy CD4 cells in the body. • During this period, people infected with HIV experience “the worst flu ever”, called acute retrovirus syndrome (ARS) or primary HIV infection. • At this time, 20% of people with HIV do not know they have the virus.

9. 2. Clinical Latency • The HIV virus continues to reproduce in the body, but there is still a healthy CD4 cell count. • This asymptomatic stage lasts about 8 years or longer. • During this time, the virus can still be transmitted between people and an HIV test will show a positive result.

10. 3. AIDS • CD4 cell count drops below 200 • Opportunistic infections like pneumonia and tuberculosis can be FATAL for someone with a weak immune system

11. Ways of transmission

12. Oral Anal Sharing Needles Drugs Piercings/Tattoos Mother to Child Ways of Transmission • Sex • Vaginal

13. 5 Bodily Fluids • Blood • Semen • Pre-ejaculate • Vaginal Secretions • Breast Milk

14. Fluids That Will Not Give You HIV • Tears • Saliva • Sweat • Urine * In order to contract HIV by making out, you would have to swallow a whole gallon of someone’s spit!*

15. Myths of Transmission • Hugging or Shaking Hands • Donating Blood • Kissing • Using Public Bathrooms • Sharing Utensils • Mosquito Bites

16. The HIV Test

17. The HIV test looks for CD4 antibodies your blood. NOT for the virus How the test works You have enough CD4 antibodies You do not have any or enough CD4 antibodies Positive test result Negative test result You have been infected with HIV You do not have HIV Your body has not made enough antibodies to be detected

18. The window period • Wait at least three months after the last time you could have been exposed to HIV before taking the test • Get tested again at 6 months to ensure that your first test was not a false positive or false negative Initial Infection HIV Test Second HIV Test • Takes about 3 months after initial HIV infection to detect HIV

19. Types Of Testing

20. Home Testing Kits • Advantages: • Can be purchased from local pharmacies • Disadvantages: • Many kits are NOT FDA-approved & are not efficient, which can lead to unreliable results • Very expensive! $$$

21. Consists of taking a small blood or saliva sample ADVANTAGE: Results obtained in a short time (~20 min) DISADVANTAGES: Tests are expensive and there are only a few places that offer it for free. Positive results MUST be followed up by a confirmatory test. Rapid Testing

22. Confidential Testing • Takes place in a clinic. • Personal information and results will be kept in your medical record. • ADVANTAGES • Quality Counseling • FREE! • Included in your medical history, which is important if you ever need surgery, become pregnant, etc. • DISADVANTAGE • Takes a little longer to get results.

23. Anonymous Testing • Takes place in a clinic. • You’re given a code that you’ll use to call and get your results. • ADVANTAGES • Quality counseling • Anonymous • FREE • DISADVANTAGES • Takes a little longer to get results

24. Sexually Transmitted Infections

25. STI’s • Sexually Transmitted Infections • STIs are infections that are usually transmitted from person to person through sexual intercourse or other intimate contact. • If untreated, they can cause permanent damage, such as infertility, and can lead to life-threatening conditions. • STI transmission can be prevented by the use of condoms or the practice of abstinence.

26. There are 65 million people living in the US with an incurable STI. That is 1 in 4 people! • In the US there are over 19 million new STI’s every year, and almost half of them are among young people ages 15-24 years old

27. How Are STI’s Transmitted? • Vaginal Sex • Oral Sex • Anal Sex • Any exchange of bodily fluids • (blood, semen, vaginal secretions, pre-ejaculate, breast milk) • STIs can still be transmitted even when there are no symptoms!

28. Common STI’s • HIV/AIDS • Genital Herpes • Hepatitis B • HPV • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Syphilis • Trichomoniasis • Crabs

29. Genital Herpes • Caused by the herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2 • 1 out of 6 people, 14-49 years of age, have genital herpes • Approximately 500,000 NEW cases every year in the U.S.!

30. Genital Herpes • Symptoms • Small, red bumps, blisters and open sores in the genital, anal and nearby areas. • Pain or itching around genital area, buttocks or inner thighs

31. Hepatitis B • Primarily infects the liver, causing inflammation • Results from exposure to bodily fluids containing blood, including unprotected sexual contact and contaminated needles. • Can be prevented by a vaccine • Symptoms -Abdominal Pain -Joint Pain -Weakness/fatigue -Yellowing of the skin -Dark urine -Loss of appetite -Nausea & vomiting

32. Human PapillomaVirus (hpv) • The most widespread STI in the U.S. • There are over 100 types of HPV, some of which can cause complications such as cervical cancer. • HPV strains that can cause cervical cancer can be prevented by a vaccine such as Gardasil, which can be taken by both females and males

33. HPV • Symptoms • Warts in the genital area- may be raisedor flat, alone or in groups, small or large and are sometimes cauliflower shaped. • Lesions may appear on the anus, scrotum, groin, thighs, penis, cervix or in the vagina.

34. Chlamydia • More than 50% of those infected have no symptoms at all • In 2010, the rate of infection for females was 2.5 times greater than the rate for males. • Also in 2010, the highest age-specific rates of reported chlamydia for females were 15-24 years, and 20-24 years for males.

35. Both • Pain while urinating or during intercourse • Increased urination • Sore throat and fever Female Symptoms • Abnormal Discharge • Painful periods or bleeding between periods • Abdominal pain or fever Male Symptoms • Clear or cloudy discharge from penis • Pain and swelling of the testicles • Burning and itching at the opening of the penis chlamydia

36. Gonorrhea • Also known as “the clap” • Symptoms usually appear within 2-5 days of exposure but many people show no symptoms • If left untreated, gonorrhea can cause infertility in females

37. Female symptoms • Vaginal Discharge • Pain in the lower abdomen • Fever • Pain during intercourse Both • Pain while urinating • Increased urination • Sore throat Male symptoms • Discharge from penis (green, yellow, or white in color) • Red or swollen opening of the penis • Tender or swollen testicles Gonorrhea

38. Syphilis • It has been called the great imitator because so many of the symptoms are indistinguishable from those of other infections • 20 million new infections occur yearly, half among the nation’s youth

39. Primary stage SECONDARY STAGE Symptoms: Appearance of chancres (small painless sores) and swollen lymph nodes Symptoms: Skin rash, fever, weight loss, fatigue LATENT STAGE Symptoms: • The diseases begins to damage internal organs (e.g., brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones and joints) • Damage is serious enough to cause death

40. Trichomoniasis • Also known as ‘trich’, it is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite. • It is considered the most common curable STI. • In the U.S., an estimated 3.7 million people have the infection, but only about 30% develop any symptoms of trichomoniasis. • Without treatment, trichomoniasis can increase a person’s risk of acquiring HIV. • Pregnant females can deliver premature, low birth weight babies.

41. Symptoms of Trichomoniasis • Showing symptoms is not common, but can appear 5-28 days after infection. • Females are more likely than males to show symptoms. • Typical symptoms: • Itching • Burning • Redness/soreness of genitals • Unpleasant urination • Colored discharge accompanied by unusual smell

42. Crabs (pubic lice) • Pubic lice are small parasites that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs. • While crabs need blood to survive, they can live up to 24 hours off a human body! • Each year in the US, there are an estimated 3 million new cases reported! • Typically transmitted through sexual contact; HOWEVER, crabs can be transmitted even WITHOUT sexual penetration. A person can get crabs from: • Sleeping in an infested bed or using infested towels • Wearing infested clothing

43. Symptoms & Treatment of Crabs • Symptoms: • Itching caused by an allergic reaction to the bites • Usually starts 5 days after getting crabs. • Dark bluish-gray spots resulting from the bites can last for several days • Sores (lesions) in the genital area due to bites and scratching • Treatment: • An over-the-counter cream applied to the affected area for 10 minutes. • A prescription shampoo that is washed off after 4 minutes. • An over-the-counter shampoo that is washed off after 10 minutes. • For infested eyelashes & eyebrows, there is an ointment that is available by prescription

44. How To Protect Yourself • Don’t put yourself at risk! When getting piercing/tattoos, make sure needles are sterile. • Condoms are highly protective against HIV/AIDS and other STIs.

45. CONDOM DEMO • Check the expiration date • Make sure there is an air bubble • Slide the condom to the side and open the package • Place condom on Woodie (ridges up) & slide all the way down; if penis has foreskin, pull the foreskin back before unrolling the condom • Roll condom off of Woodie and place in napkin

46. FEMALE CONDOM • A thin sheath or pouch worn by a woman during sex, that completely lines the vagina and helps prevent pregnancy, HIV, and STIs. • For extensive information on the use, advantages, and disadvantages of a female condom, please visit: http://www.avert.org/female-condom.htm

47. Remember The only way to be 100% safe from contracting HIV or STIs is:and not sharing needles of any kind!! ABSTINENCE

48. Teen Pregnancy • 3 in 10 teen girls in the US will get pregnant at least once before age 20 • 21% of these are Black/African-American and 24% are Hispanic/Latina • About1/5 of teen moms 15-19 years old have a second child.

49. Single parent household • Babies don’t make relationships stronger, the fact is 8 out of 10 fathers don't marry the mother of their child.  • Of those who do marry their child’s father, only 30% remain in those marriages. • It's also true that these absent fathers pay less than $800 annually for child support.

50. Your future • Parenthood is the leading reason why teen girls drop out of school. • Less than ½ of teen mothers ever graduate from high school and fewer than 2% earn a college degree by age 30.