November 18, 2010

1. Green Computing Course (CS598tar): Major Green Initiatives November 18, 2010 Parya Moinzadeh PhD. Candidate and Research Assistant in Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign E-mail: moinzad1@illinois.edu Reza Shiftehfar PhD. Student and Research Assistant in Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign E-mail: sshifte2@illinois.edu

2. Major Green Initiatives • Outline: • Introduction • Companies to study: • Google • HP • Apple • Microsoft • Intel • IBM • Greenwashing

3. What is a “Green Business”? • An organization that is: • environmentally sustainable • socially responsible • Enterprise that has: • no negative impact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy. • progressive environmental and human rights policies

4. What is a “Green Business”? Companies that serve a specific, environment-benefiting purpose Businesses that employ eco-friendly practices though the overall function is not related to the environment

5. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities • Earthsense • Polled US consumers on their perceptions of the "greenness" of various companies. • Trucost, • Compiled an unparalleled quantitative assessment of companies' global environmental impact.

6. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities

7. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities

8. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities-Google

9. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities-MS

10. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities-Yahoo!

11. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities-Apple

12. Consumer perception vs environmentalrealities-Dell

13. Going Green at • Powering a Clean Energy Revolution • RE<C • Investments • eSolar • AltaRock • BrightSource • Green Energy • Google PowerMeter • RechargeIT • Clean Energy 2030

14. Going Green at • Powering a Clean Energy Revolution • Efficient Computing

15. Going Green at • Powering a Clean Energy Revolution • Efficient Computing • Reducing Carbon Footprint

16. Going Green at • Powering a Clean Energy Revolution • Efficient Computing • Reducing Carbon Footprint • Green Employee Programs Bikes on Campus Biodiesel Shuttles Composting GFleet Green Design Elements

17. Going Green at • Powering a Clean Energy Revolution • Efficient Computing • Reducing Carbon Footprint • Green Employee Programs • Helping Others Go Green

18. Efficient Computing • Five step plan • Minimize electricity used by servers • Reduce the energy used by the data center facilities • Conserve precious fresh water by using recycled water instead • Reuse or recycle all electronic equipment that leaves our data centers • Engage with our peers to advance smarter energy practices

19. Five Step Plan: 1-Efficient Servers • Major sources of energy waste: • Converting electricity from one kind to another • Voltage regulator circuitry

20. Five Step Plan: 1-Efficient Servers • Omit parts that aren't needed for applications • Energy proportionality Power Provisioning for a Warehouse-sized Computer Xiaobo, Fan Wolf-Dietrich Weber, Luiz André Barroso Google Inc. More energy proportional systems could cut in half the total energy used by large data center operations.

21. Five Step Plan: 2-Efficient Data Centers • Limiting energy waste • Reduce power spent on cooling • Water evaporation • Reduced the energy-weighted average overhead across all Google-built data centers to 19% versus the average of 96% reported by the EPA.

22. Sustainable IT • Dynamic Smart Cooling • Data Center Thermal Assessment Services • Energy-adaptive Displays • Keep Chips Cool • Video Conferencing • Nanotechnology

23. Sustainable IT • Summary: • ecosystem-scale life-cycle design • scalable and configurable infrastructure building blocks • pervasive sensing • data analytics and visualization • autonomous control Sustainable IT Ecosystems: Enabling Next-Generation Cities Christopher E. Hoover, Ratnesh K. Sharma, Brian J. Watson, Susan K. Charles, Amip J. Shah, Chandrakant D. Patel, Manish Marwah, Thomas W. Christian, and Cullen E. Bash

24. Sustainable IT • Summary: • Examine the entire lifecycle of the system • include material use and • Manufacturing • Methodology for lifecycleanalysis Green Server Design: Beyond Operational Energy to Sustainability Jichuan Chang, Justin Meza, ParthasarathyRanganathan, Cullen Bash, Amip Shah

25. Sustainable IT • Summary: • Material-efficient physical organization • Environmentally-efficient cooling infrastructures • Effective design of system architectures to reuse components. Lifecycle-based Data Center Design Justin Meza, Rocky Shih, Amip Shah, ParthasarathyRanganathan, Jichuan Chang, Cullen Bash

26. Sustainable IT • Summary • Systematically evaluate the inefficiencies in the information collection and analysis of several widely used IT applications • Implement a more efficient solution • Quantify the improvements Improving the efficiency of information collection and analysis in widely-used IT applications Sergey Blagodurov, Martin Arlitt

27. A Greener Apple • Removing Toxic Chemicals • Lead • Cadmium. Hexavalent, Chromium, Decabromodiphenyl, Ether • Arsenic,Mercury • Polyvinyl, Chloride, Brominated flame retardants • Recycling Products (E-Waste)

28. Microsoft • MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY? • Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs “In our every deliberation, we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations.”

29. Microsoft • MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • Environmental Sustainability Dashboard

30. Microsoft • MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • A more energy efficient Vista • Intelligent idling of hardware to conserve power • System Sleep • Monitor Blanking • Hard Disk Drive Spin Down • Customizable power plans to refine power settings • Balanced • Power Saver • High Performance • Centralized management of power settings

31. Microsoft • MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

32. Microsoft • MICROSOFT DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

33. Microsoft Green Initiative • Energy Awareness for PCs: • Energy costs are rising • PC energy consumption has doubled since 2000 • EPA estimates PCs use ~2% of all electricity consumed • Businesses trimming costs • Home users are thinking “green” • PC on 24/7 is 8% of household power usage 100 - Active Power (watts) Idle 50 - Sleep Off 0 - 0 8760 Hours/year From http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/prod_development/revisions/downloads/computer/TierII_Network_Issue_Slides.pdf [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

34. Microsoft Green Initiative • Sleeping PC Equals Real Savings: • PC sleeping 14 hours per day saves 598–760 kWh per year • Approximately $63,500 per year for 1,000 PCs • Saves 420-534 kg of CO2 from energy production (~1/10 of average auto) [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

35. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft: • Save Energy. Save Money. Save Environment. • Environmental sustainability and financial sustainability are not mutually exclusive • Their strategy can be summarized as: • Reduce • Manage • Rethink [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

36. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft:: Reduce • Reduce your current IT energy consumption and carbon emissions using Microsoft products • Windows 7: • Reduced power consumption: • Performance optimization • Idle process utilization:: removing background activities so that system can enter low power states more frequently • Device power management:: spinning discs more efficiently during DVD playback • Enhanced power management on portable computers • More tools for IT pros to manage their power consumption • New trigger service capability to allow background processes to start only when a specific event occurs [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

37. Microsoft Green Initiative • Windows 7 Power Goals: • PC should sleep when idle • Preserve remote availability • Reduce energy consumption at runtime • Power down devices when not in use [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

38. Microsoft Green Initiative • Windows 7 Power Goals: • Deep focus on idle: [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

39. Microsoft Green Initiative • Windows 7 Power Goals: • Device Power Management • Adaptive display brightness • Dim the mobile PC display after a period of user inactivity • Intelligent policy—timeout automatically adjusts with user input • Does not interfere with presentations, full-screen media playback • Processor power management • Updates to core performance state algorithm • Core parking [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

40. Microsoft Green Initiative • Windows 7 Power Goals: • Device Power Management • Audio • Support for the latest Intel HD Audio low-power specifications • USB audio class selective suspend • Bluetooth • Radio enters selective suspend when connections are in sniff mode • Wired LAN runtime idle detection • NIC automatically enters D3 when media is disconnected [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

41. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft Virtualization: • By enabling multiple operating systems to run on a single server, potentially reducing energy use by up to 90% • Server Virtualization • Desktop Virtualization • Private Cloud • Virtualization Management [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx]

42. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft Virtualization: • Server Virtualization • Having several servers on one machine • Prevents many under-utilized machines • Leads to a smaller number of fully-used machines • E.g. • Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V • Live migration => increased availability of virtualized data centers • Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 • Enables workload consolidation onto a single physical server • Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 • Simpler management of hardware resources [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx]

43. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft Virtualization: • Desktop Virtualization • OS Virtualization • Allows users to access desktops running in the datacenter • This leads to: • anywhere access from connected devices • Increased business continuity • Application Virtualization: • Allows isolation of applications from the OS and other apps • This eliminates the conflicts between application and removes the need to install applications on PCs • Leads to streams applications on demand over the internet • Reduce the end user impacts associated with application upgrade/patching and termination • User Data Virtualization: Separates user data from PCs [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx]

44. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft Virtualization: • Private Cloud • implementation of cloud services on resources that are dedicated to your organization, whether they exist on-premises or off-premises • Offers the benefits of public cloud computing—including self-service, scalability, and elasticity—with the additional control and customization available from dedicated resources • Microsoft offer this in 2 models: • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):infrastructure resources (compute, network, and storage) are the services • Platform as a Service (PaaS): provides a complete application platform as a service. [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/virtualization/en/us/products-server.aspx]

45. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft:: Manage • Microsoft Dynamics AX: • a cost-effective solution designed to track your energy consumption, carbon footprint, and related costs [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

46. Microsoft Green Initiative • Microsoft:: Rethink • Microsoft United Communication: • enable collaboration and limit the need for expensive travel •  positively impact the environment • E.g. •  Exchange Server • Office Communications Server [Source: http://www.microsoft.com/environment/greenit/]

47. Intel Green Initiative • Intel:: Eco-Technology • Recognized by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for being the largest purchaser of green power in the US • Main areas include: • Sustainable manufacturing • Energy-efficient performance • Designing for the environment • Policy and industry [Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm]

48. Intel Green Initiative • Intel:: Eco-Tecnology • Sustainable manufacturing • operational energy consumption is reduced by 20 percent per product unit in the last three years • 87 percent of their chemical waste and 80 percent of their solid waste in 2007 is recycled or reused • moved to lead-free and halogen-free products in 2008 • Energy-efficient performance • development of 45nm process technology: dramatically increase processor energy efficiency • Intel QuickPath Technology • Dynamic resource scaling • Integrated memory controller (IMC) • Smart cache • Datacenter efficiency [Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm]

49. Intel Green Initiative • Intel:: Eco-Tecnology • Designing for the environment • eco-smart products are designed with innovative materials that deliver energy-efficient performance while maintaining responsible manufacturing practices. • By using innovative materials that preserve product integrity, Intel continues to reduce its environmental footprint. • lead-free and halogen-free products • Saved over 9 billion gallons of fresh water through our water reuse and recycling practices • Recycled more than 70 percent of our chemical and solid wastes • Reduced our global warming gas emissions the equivalent of removing 50,000 cars from the road [Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm]

50. Intel Green Initiative • Intel:: Eco-Tecnology • Policy and industry • collaboration with environmental organizations, government, and industry leaders • Intel Open Energy Initiative • Policy influence • Leadership in relevant government programs, standards bodies, consortia, and coalitions • Partnerships with utilities on energy efficiency and smart grid programs • Strategic venture investment via Intel Capital • Climate Savers Computing Initiative • By 2010, the Initiative's goal is to reduce global computer CO2 emissions by 54 million tons per year, equivalent to the annual output of 11 million cars or 10-20 coal-fired power plants. [Source: http://www.intel.com/technology/ecotech/index.htm]