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TITLE PAGE. The Extent of Implementation of the UNSMR by African Countries By Maicibi N. Alhas , Ph D. Being a UNAFRI Presentation in Vienna, 31 st Jan. - 2 nd Feb, 2012.

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  1. TITLE PAGE The Extent of Implementation of the UNSMR by African Countries By Maicibi N. Alhas, Ph D. Being a UNAFRI Presentation in Vienna, 31st Jan. - 2nd Feb, 2012

  2. The Objectives of the Study • To assess the extent of implementation of the UNSMR • To establish the strengths and weaknesses of the countries as respondents • To propose ways forward for better adherence to the Rules

  3. Elements of conditions of detention • Registration book • Separation of categories • Accommodation • Food/water • Exercise and sports • Medical care • Discipline and punishment • Complaints by inmates • Contacts with the outside world • Notification of death • Inspection

  4. Hypotheses on condition of detention Condition of detention determines recidivism rate • Harsh condition of detention can deter crave to commit crime • Good condition of detention can encourage crave to commit of crime • Emotional cum psychosocial circumstances of inmates is neglected in the UNSMR document

  5. Maicibi Generic formula for fighting crime B < C Where: B => Benefits Mb - Monetary & economic benefits to the criminal Pb – Psychological & physiological benefits to the criminal Sb- Sociological benefits to the criminal Ec- Ease & level of success in committing the crime C => Costs Mt –Monetary & time to commit the crime Fa – Fear & probability of being apprehended & arrested Pc – Probability of conviction & its harshness Lo – Lost opportunities & stigmatization

  6. Maicibi formula cont’d Key : B Vs C B > C : Mb+Pb+Sb+ Ec > Mt+Fa+Pc+Lo means that benefits outweigh the costs. B<C : Mb+Pb+Sb+Ec < Mt+Fa+Pc+Lo means that costs outweigh the benefits B>Chas a slim chance of deterring crave to commit crime B<Chas a high chance of deterring crave to commit crime **Target and strategy should be to increase the Cs and decrease the Bs.

  7. Methodology • A descriptive cross sectional survey • A quantitative approach • A questionnaire instrument used • 30 countries served with the instrument; 14 returned –a 47% RR.

  8. RESULTS

  9. Table 2: Separation of prisoners

  10. Table 3: Separation of prisoners

  11. Table 4: Prisoners’ accommodation and health requirements

  12. Provision of Medical CareTable 8: Medical personnel available for service to the prisoners

  13. Table 9: Place where pregnant prisoners give birth

  14. Table 10: Type of punishment frequently administered on indisciplined prisoners. Corporal Punishment

  15. Table 11: Reduction of diet type of punishment

  16. Table 12: Denial of sleep type of punishment

  17. Table 13: Type of instrument used for restraint

  18. Table 14: The number of times prisoners are allowed to make complaints/ requests

  19. Table 15: Prisoners’ communication with family members and friends

  20. Table 16: Whether foreign national prisoners allowed facilities to communicate with diplomatic/consular representatives

  21. Table 17: Keeping the untried prisoners and the sentenced

  22. Table 18: Other treatment for untried prisoners

  23. RECOMENDATIONS • The UN thru UNAFRI to constitute an African M & E Team to monitor and enforce compliant • African prisons to be more open than they are • Africa to improve its democratic credentials • Adequate training of officers for implementation • A study is needed to collect and collate the views of stakeholders on UNSMR • Political will for funding is indispensable

  24. End Thank you for being a wonderful audience MaicibiAlhas alhas202@yahoo.co.uk UNAFRI Secretariat Kampala

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