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LING 702 Structure Class 2

Explore sub-sentential, sentential, and supra-sentential aspects of language categories like morphology and syntax. Dive into lexical categories, nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and more. Delve into derivational vs. inflectional morphemes and word-formation processes. Understand lexical and phrasal meaning, from denotation and connotation to argument structure.

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LING 702 Structure Class 2

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  1. LING 702 StructureClass 2 Instructor: Bede McCormack

  2. Levels of Meaning • Sub-sentential • Sentential • Supra-sentential

  3. Category • What’s in a Word? Morphology Syntax

  4. Lexical Categories • Nouns • Determiners • Verbs • Adjectives • Adverbs • Adpositions • Pronouns • Conjunctions

  5. Nouns • Common vs. Proper • Count vs. Non-Count

  6. Determiners • Not just the articles a, an, the • but also: • Demonstratives (this) • Possessives (our) • Interrogatives (whose)

  7. Verbs • Subcategorization • Transitivity • Transitive • Intransitive • Ditransitive • Ergative

  8. Adjectives • Comparative • Placement • Attributive • Predicative

  9. Adverbs • May be derived from adjectives • Can modify various categories: • Verbs • Adjectives • Other Adverbs • Entire sentences

  10. Pre vs. post-positions • The cat is on the roof • Neko ga yane no ue ni iru

  11. Pronouns • Personal • Demonstrative • Interrogative • Relative • Indefinite • Reflexive

  12. Conjunctions • Coordinating • Subordinating

  13. Morphemes Bound vs. Free unaware understand applesauce refrigerator receiving blackberry reliability cranberry antidisestablishmentarianism

  14. Morphemes, cont’dDerivational vs. Inflectional • peach > peaches regiment > regimentation • preach > preacher regiment > regimented • wrap > unwrap lonely > loneliness • advise > advisable dark > darken > darkening

  15. Inflectional Morphology • On verbs, marks • Tense • Aspect • Person • Number • cf. Finegan, p. 55 • On Nouns, marks • Case • Person • Number • cf. Finegan, pp. 56, 57

  16. Open or Closed? • Closed Categories • Open Categories • Adding words: • Affixation • Compounding • Borrowing • Conversion • Semantic shift • Blends • Acronyms

  17. Activity • Finegan p. 51 • How many word-formation processes to you see in the graphic on p. 51?

  18. Lexical & Phrasal Meaning • Lexical meaning • Denotation • Connotation • Homonymy (bear/bare) • Polysemy (live/live) • Lexical aspect • Argument structure • Semantic Fields

  19. Phrasal Meaning • Collocations (tall vs. high building) • Set expressions • Grammatical form and semantic content largely fixed • The train was late • I told her, but she wouldn’t listen

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