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PSYC 2314 Lifespan Development

Explore the growth, strength, and health aspects of early adulthood, including physical changes, sexual responsiveness, reproductive health, and challenges like drug abuse and dieting. Learn about the impact of genes, environment, and personal choices on health.

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PSYC 2314 Lifespan Development

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  1. PSYC 2314Lifespan Development Chapter 17 Early Adulthood: Biosocial Development

  2. Growth, Strength and Health • Full height is reached at about age 16 in females and 18 for males. • Muscle growth and fat accumulation continue into the 20s. • In both sexes, physical strength increases during the 20s, reaching a peak at about age 30.

  3. Grow, Strength and Health • Digestive, respiratory, and sexual-reproductive systems function at an optimum level during early adulthood. • Most visits to the doctor are necessitated not by disease but by injuries or normal pregnancy. • Of the fatal diseases, cancer is the leading cause of death in young adults.

  4. Grow, Strength and Health • Senescence: age-related physical decline • Genes • Environment • Personal choices

  5. Growth, Strength and Health • Signs of aging • Skin during the 20s • Graying of the hair often begins around 30 • Body systems decline at different rate • Kidneys-about 4% per decade • Lungs-about 5% per decade

  6. Grow, Strength and Health • Homeostasis—the adjustment of the body’s systems to keep the physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. • The older the person is, the longer it takes • Most bodies are capable of functioning very well until at least 70.

  7. Growth, Strength and Health • Sexual Responsiveness • Male and female bodies follow a similar sequence of sexual activation at every age: arousal, peak excitement, orgasm, refraction and recovery. • As men grow older, they often need more explicit or prolonged stimulation to produce sexual arousal. In addition, a longer time elapses between the beginning of sexual excitement and full erection, between erection and ejaculation, and between orgasm and the end of the refractory period.

  8. Growth, Strength and Health • Women become more likely to experience orgasm as they mature from early adolescence toward middle adulthood. • More prolonged stimulation provided as a consequence of the slowing down of the man’s responses. • With experience, both partners focus on those aspects of love-making that intensify the woman’s responses. • Increasing sexual awareness and openness. • Aging makes reproduction less likely for women, thereby their sexual passions can increase.

  9. The Sexual-Reproductive System • Infertility—the lack of a successful pregnancy after one year of regular intercourse without contraception. • In males, low number of sperm and/or the sperm’s poor motility • Senescence • Anything that impairs normal body functioning (high fever, radiation, prescription drugs, drug abuse, alcoholism, cigarette smoking, etc.)

  10. The Sexual-Reproductive System • Women can be infertile for many reasons: • Being underweight and being obese • Failure to ovulate • Blocked Fallopian tubes • Endometriosis • Infections and fibrous tumors

  11. Medical Treatment • In vitro fertilization (IVF) • Gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) and zygote intra-Fallopian transfer (ZIFT)

  12. Health Problems • Drug Abuse • Destructive Dieting • Violence

  13. Drug Abuse • Drug addiction is measured by the need for more of a drug, indicative of withdrawal symptoms. • Women use and abuse drugs less than men • College undergraduates are particularly vulnerable to drug abuse • Late teens and early twenties are the time of heaviest alcohol and marijuana use • Around age 23 is the time of heaviest use of other drugs, including cocaine.

  14. Drug Abuse • Genetic Temperament • An attraction to excitement • A low tolerance for frustration • A vulnerability to depression

  15. Drug Abuse • Reasons for the high rate of drug use and abuse in the first years of adulthood • Being in transition between families • Several life stresses • Lack of religious faith and practice • Social surroundings

  16. Dieting • Excessive concern with weight can become pathological • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia nervosa

  17. Theories of Development on Dieting • Psychoanalytic: women develop eating disorders because of a conflict with their mothers. • Learning: for some people with low self-esteem, fasting, bingeing, and purging have powerful effects as immediate reinforcers.

  18. Theories of Development on Dieting • Cognitive: women compete with men in business and industry, they want to project a strong, self-controlled, masculine imagine antithetical to buxom, fleshy body of the ideal woman of the past. • Sociocultural: the contemporary cultural pressure to be “slim and trim” and model-like

  19. Theories of Development on Dieting • Epigenetic: girls who are overwhelmed with the stresses of puberty may discover that self-starvation makes their menstrual periods cease, their sexual hormones decrease, and their curves disappear—all of which relieve the pressures to marry and reproduce.

  20. Violence • Social values are at the root of the problem • Manhood rituals • Positive masculine tendencies turn into negative male traits

  21. Violent Death • Presence of alcohol • A weapon • A lack of self-restraint

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