EPA Initiatives and Programs to Address Climate Change

1. EPA Initiatives and Programs to Address Climate Change JOHN FILIPPELLI U.S. EPA Region 2 New York Energy Forum September 17, 2009

2. Overview • Climate Change Background • Regulatory Overview • EPA Partnership Programs and Resources

4. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 far exceed the natural range over the last 650,000 years. Source: IPCC WGI AR4, 2007.

5. GHG Warming Potential

6. Climate Changes Temperature Sea Level Rise Precipitation Health Impacts Ecosystems • Weather-related deaths • Infectious diseases • Air quality - respiratory illnesses • Loss of habitat and diversity • Species range shifts • Ecosystem services Forest Impacts Water Resources • Changes in precipitation, water quality, and water supply • Geographic range • Health, composition, and productivity Coastal Areas Agriculture • Crop yields • Irrigation demand • Pest management • Erosion and inundation of coastal lands • Costs of protecting vulnerable lands Expected Impacts

7. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) conclusions: • GHG are increasing in the atmosphere and the climate is warming. • Most of the warming is very likely due to emissions from human activities. • We can do something about it, including much with current technologies.

8. GHG Emission Sources

9. Other ways to look at it …

10. Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the U.S. Local governments have control over decisions that affect land use, transportation, and buildings. Source: Inventory of U.S. GHG Emissions and Sinks, 2007

11. Domestic Policy and EPA Roles Executive branch is now playing a larger role on climate policy Close coordination with Congress ongoing Linkage of climate and energy issues, along with consideration of economic needs EPA work: GHG inventory, research, preparing for impacts, outreach, international negotiations, possible regulations….. Region 2: multimedia partnership programs, outreach, future regulatory support

12. U.S. Climate Policy and Actions • Current and Near-Term Greenhouse Gas Reduction Initiatives • Climate Change Technology Program • Climate Change Science Program • International Cooperation

13. Looking Forward • A wide range of policies will be needed to address climate change • Across all sectors of the economy • Likely encompassing regulatory, financial and voluntary policy mechanisms • Industry and local action is critical.

14. EPA Regulatory Initiatives • Waste Energy Recovery Registry • California Greenhouse Gas Waiver Request • National Fuel Economy Policy • Proposed Endangerment Finding • Proposed Mandatory Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule • Renewable Fuel Standard • Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide • Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

15. Waste Energy (WE) Recovery Registry • July 23, 2009 - Proposed rule published in Federal Register(www.regulations.gov) calling for a voluntary survey of major industrial and large commercial sources of feasible WE recovery. • Provide state and national totals of WE recovery opportunities and potential GHG benefits. • Serve as a basis for potential WE recovery projects as described in Energy Policy and Conservation Act

16. California GHG Waiver Request • On June 30, 2009 EPA granted a waiver of the Clean Air Act preemption to CA for its GHG standards. • Requires automakers to increase the fuel economy of cars and trucks sold in the state by 40 percent to an average of 35.5 miles per gallon by 2016. • New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Mexico, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont Washington and Arizona* to follow. • 4 years ahead of similar federal requirement.

17. Proposed LDV Standards/National Fuel Economy Policy • On September 15, 2009 EPA and USDOT’s NHTSA proposed light duty vehicle GHG and new CAFE standards (60-day comment period) • Covers 2012 to 2016 and later model years • 250 grams per mile CO2 (35.5 mpg equivalent) • Single light duty fleet would satisfy US and CA • EPA must finalize endangerment and cause or contribute findings before the rules can go final • www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/regulations.htm

18. Proposed GHG Reporting Rule • Proposed rule published April 10, 2009 • Comment period ended June 9 • Would cover suppliers of fossil fuels or industrial GHG • Vehicle and engine manufacturers • Facilities that emit 25,000 tpy or more of GHG • Covers CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC, PFC, SF6,NF3, other fluorinated gases & HFE

19. Renewable Fuel Standard • Published May 26, 2009 – Comment period closed July 27 • Peer review published August 17 – Comments by September 25 • This rule proposes to establish the revised annual renewable fuel standard (RFS2) and to make the necessary program modifications as set forth in EISA.  V • Volume standard under RFS2 was increased beginning in 2008 from 5.4 billion gallons (Bgal) to 9.0 Bgal.  Thereafter, the required volume continues to increase under RFS2, eventually reaching 36 Bgal by 2022.

20. GHG Sequestration • Proposed federal requirements published July 25, 2008 • Supplemental proposal published August 31, 2009 • Includes DOE partnership project data • LBNL study results • Discussed comments and alternatives • Public hearing September 17 - Chicago • Comment period closes October 15

21. Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Address Global Warming • Published July 11, 2008 – 120-day comment period • Descriptions of key provisions and programs in the CAA, and pros/cons of regulating GHGs under those provisions • How a decision to regulate GHG emissions under one section of the CAA could or would lead to regulation of GHG emissions under other sections of the Act, including sections on permitting requirements for major sources • Issues relevant for Congress to consider for possible future climate legislation and the potential for overlap between future legislation and regulation under the existing CAA • Scientific information relevant to endangerment analysis.

22. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement • Many local governments have signed this agreement. • EPA Partnership Programs and resources can assist municipalities with meeting the commitments in the Agreement, including: • Putting together a GHG inventory • Purchasing green energy • Increasing energy efficiency • ENERGY STAR purchasing • Green Building • Greening your fleet, idling management • Recycling and materials management • Energy efficiency in water and wastewater systems • Water conservation

23. Climate Change is More than AirWe must also address water use and waste/land aspects. • A lot of energy is used to pump, treat and heat water. • Saving water saves energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions • Recycling and reducing waste also decreases greenhouse gas emissions. • Using recycled or re-used materials reduces the amount of energy needed to extract raw materials and manufacture goods • Decreasing waste reduces methane emissions from landfills

24. How Can EPA Programs Help You? • Address specific ways to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in your community • Provide technical assistance • Provide outreach materials and other free tools • Help identify funding opportunities • Offer public recognition

25. EPA Programs Supporting GHG Reductions www.epa.gov/partners

26. A good place to start…… • Informational network facilitating access to tools, technical assistance and funding. • Best Practices • Searchable database of resources • Listserve • Free Webcast Trainings • Peer to Peer Exchange www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/stateandlocal

27. ENERGY STARReducing Energy Use In Your Community • Energy Star promotes energy efficiency in homes, businesses, and products • Buy Energy Star products • Take the Energy Star Challenge—Communities: • Set at least 10% energy use reduction goal • Benchmark their buildings • Take action to improve • ENERGY STAR provides many free resources online: • Portfolio Manager, benchmarking tools, training calculators, manuals, etc. www.energystar.gov/challenge 27

28. Green Power PartnershipBuying Renewable Energy • Voluntary program in which partners use green power to meet a portion of their electricity needs • Electricity, Renewable Energy Credits (RECs), on-site generation • More than 900 partners purchase more than 14.3 billion KWh of green power annually • The Green Power Partnership helps through: • Green Power Locator • Step-by-Step Guide to Purchasing Green Power • Media/outreach tools www.epa.gov/greenpower

29. Combined Heat and Power Partnership Increasing Building Energy Efficiency • Promotes cogeneration of electricity and thermal energy from the same fuel • Separate heat and electricity production is highly inefficient • Average efficiency of fossil fuel power plants is 33% • Average efficiency CHP systems is 60-80% • The CHP Partnership can help you determine whether your facilities are good candidates for CHP • Good candidates include schools, WWTPs and district heating systems www.epa.gov/chp

30. EPA CHP 2009 Partners Meeting and NYSERDA Conference on CHP • October 1-2, 2009New York Marriott DowntownNew York, NY • CHP developments on the national stage, the state of the CHP market • Support and resources provided by the Partnership • Peer-to-peer discussions during NYSERDA's CHP roundtable • Partners' success stories across various market sectors • CHP financing strategies, including ARRA incentives • Federal and state-level climate policies and CHP objectives • http://www.epa.gov/chp/events/partnermeet_2009.html

31. Northeast Diesel Collaborative • Nationally EPA has taken critical steps to ensure new diesels are clean • 11 million older vehicles/engines in operation nationwide • Diesels last a long time • New York, New Jersey & New England participate in voluntary collaborative • Municipal, transit, ports, construction, trucks and locomotives

32. SmartWayReducing transportation-related emissions • SmartWay partners take action to reduce fuel use and emissions. • EPA provides tools, assistance, and quantifies savings and emission reductions • SmartWay Partners: • 1,177 partners across the U.S. • Projected savings: over 3.3 billion gallons of oil per year and $10 billion in operating costs • SmartWay Affiliates: • 229 organizations promote the program across the U.S. www.epa.gov/smartway

33. WasteWiseReducing Waste and GHGs • WasteWise Partners set recycling and waste prevention goals • Helps communities go beyond basic recycling programs • Reporting partners receive a profile which quantifies the climate benefits of their waste reduction efforts • EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (online) calculates greenhouse gas emissions from waste management actions • Free Helpline/assistance www.epa.gov/wastewise

34. Landfill Methane Outreach ProgramCapturing and Using Landfill Methane • Helps communities capture and use the methane generated in landfills • Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants, reduces odor and improves safety • Success Story: Riverview, Michigan • Facing dangerous landfill gas leaks • Started partnership with Detroit Edison to collect and sell landfill methane • New revenue stream for city and local property values have increased • Closed landfill is now a recreation area www.epa.gov/lmop

35. eCyclingRecycling Electronics • Plug-in to eCycling – Collect and reuse/recycle e-scrap including computers and cell phones • Recycling reduces greenhouse gas emissions, reduce pollution, and saves energy • Recycling a million cell phones reduces greenhouse gas emissions equal to taking 1,368 cars off the road for a year • EPEAT – Electronics Product Assessment Tool • Greener purchasing of business computers • Easy to use • In 2007, EPEAT purchasing reduced 3.31 million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) greenhouse gas emissions www.epa.gov/plugin

36. WaterSensePromoting Use of Water-Efficient Products • WaterSense labeled products use about 20 percent less water and perform as well as or better than their less efficient counterparts • Water utilities may adopt the program as part of a broader water efficiency strategy to help reduce water infrastructure needs and promote the label to customers • Local governments may become WaterSense Partners and promote WaterSense products www.epa.gov/watersense

37. Green BuildingsConstructing or Retrofitting Buildings to Improve Energy/Water Efficiency and Use of Recycled Materials • The impacts of building are significant: • Nearly 40% of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions • About 68% of total electricity consumption • Nearly 60% of total non-industrial solid waste • Over 12% of total water consumed • EPA is advancing green building practices by: • Addressing market factors • Implementing demonstration projects on green building performance and benefits • Working with communities to update codes and ordinances • Region 2 Green Construction and Operations www.epa.gov/greenbuilding

38. Green InfrastructureManaging Wet Weather and Reusing Stormwater • Using technologies to infiltrate, capture and reuse stormwater such as: • Building green roofs • Promoting rain barrels • Planting trees and other vegetation • Communities can support this effort by: • Planning and implementing demonstration projects on public sites • Involving all city departments • Updating codes and ordinances to create incentives www.epa.gov/greeninfrastructure

39. Sustainable InfrastructureImproving Efficiency for Water and Wastewater Treatment • Energy represents 25 to 30% of a water or wastewater plant’s total O&M cost • Program’s goals include: • Reducing the need to treat water • Promoting the ability to save/capture energy • Variety of programs available: • WaterSense • Green Infrastructure • ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager • Combined Heat and Power • Energy management guidebook for wastewater and water utilities available on line. www.epa.gov/waterinfrastructure/bettermanagement_energy.html

40. Green VenuesReducing GHGs at Meetings • Large gatherings create significant amounts of waste, energy, and water use • Green Venues works to minimize the environmental impacts of events and meetings • Benefits of the program • Reduces GHG emissions • Saves money • Provides marketing and publicity advantages • Promotes sustainability in the community www.epa.gov/oppt/greenmeetings

41. Urban Heat IslandCooling Communities • EPA’s UHI Program promotes methods to cool communities and: • Save energy • Reduce greenhouse gas emissions • Improve air quality • Strategies for heat island mitigation include: • Trees and Vegetation • Green Roofs • Cool Roofs • Cool Pavements www.epa.gov/heatislands

42. Climate LeadersEncourage businesses in your community to reduce GHGs • Industry-government partnership helps companies develop credible, comprehensive strategies to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions • Partner companies receive technical assistance from EPA to: • Develop a corporate-wide GHG inventory • Set an aggressive reduction goal • Report progress to EPA annually www.epa.gov/climateleaders

43. In Summary… • Climate change is a documented phenomena – human activity is a major contributor • Energy generation and use is the biggest piece of the puzzle • EPA is pursuing a regulatory action • EPA encourages voluntary initiatives and offers support

44. Thank you! John Filippelli EPA Region 2 (NY, NJ, PR, VI) filippelli.john@epa.gov EPA’s Climate Change Web site: www.epa.gov/climatechange