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Clonorchis sinensis and Culture

Explore the deep-rooted history of Clonorchis sinensis infections in Homo sapiens dating back over 2,300 years in Korea, China, and Japan. Discover how the parasite's prevalence has shaped ancient cultures through findings in coprolites and ancient corpses. Learn about modern eradication efforts, including mass treatment programs and cultural prevention strategies.

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Clonorchis sinensis and Culture

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  1. Clonorchis sinensis and Culture

  2. History • Homo sapiens have always been infected • Ancient corpse buried in 278 B.C., West Han Dynasty in China • September 8, 1874, James McConnell, Calcutta, India • Named Distoma sinens • Arthur Looss renamed Clonorchis sinensis 1895 • 1914 Harujiro Kobayashi • 1918 Masatomo Muto

  3. Ancient Culture • Paleoparasitology, coprolites contain eggs, larvae, and DNA • Clonorchis sinensis prevalent over 2300 years in Korea,China, and Japan • Ming Dynasty corpse 1513 A.D., West Han Dynasty 278 B.C. • Taegu-city, South Korea soil samples from 668-935 A.D. • Fujiwara Palace in Japan, excavated ancient toilets 700 A.D. • Increased Prevalence • Appearance of toilets lead to recycling of feces as fertilizer • Clonorchis sinensis increased in Japan, Buddhism introduced in 6th century

  4. Fujiwara Palace

  5. Cultural Prevention • Chinese immigrants brought C. sinensis to California in early 1900s • U.S. placed restrictions on immigration from Asia until 1937 • 1969-1995 Korea Association for Parasite Eradication • 1984 mass treatment program undertaken in South Korea • 1995 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) • In China slaughter reservoir hosts (dogs and cats) • Praziquantel (1978) Albendazole (1987)

  6. Cultural Promotion • Build latrines on fishponds and in ditches • Wastewater is produced in large quantities due to rapid urbanization • Fish farming is developing rapidly • Fish exported to the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, and U.S. • Traditional habits of eating raw fish

  7. Fishpond Fertilizer

  8. Cyprinus carpio, Carp Preparation of suhsi

  9. Incidence • Survey in 1975, New York Chinatown C. sinensis most common parasite • Kwangtung Province of South China 27% • Red River Delta in Vietnam 50% incidence rate • South Central Taiwan 34% incidence rate • Incidence in Hawaii • Worldwide 20 million people are infected

  10. Interested In More • www.stanford.edu • www.cdc.gov • www.pubmedcentral.gov

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