1 / 6

14. Safety and Human Behavior

Explore definitions of human error, accident analysis, factors contributing to accidents, and strategies for reducing accidents using critical incident techniques and behavior modification methods.

robertnichols
Download Presentation

14. Safety and Human Behavior

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 14. Safety and Human Behavior

  2. Definitions • What is human error? • An inappropriate or undesirable human decision or behavior that reduces or has the potential for reducing effectiveness, safety, or human performance • Classification scheme for human error • Discrete (Swain and Guttman, 1983) • Omission—failure to do something • Commission—perform an act incorrectly • Sequence—perform an act in the wrong order • Timing—failure to perform the act in the allotted time period • Unintentional—accidental performance of an act (knew it was wrong) • Confusion—uncertain of what/which act to perform

  3. How is an accident defined? An unanticipated event which damages the system and/or individual or affects the accomplishment of the system mission or individual task; It can but not necessarily result in an injury Analysis of accidents Nature of the injury (death, amputation, laceration, etc.) Part of the body affected Type of accident (struck by, caught between, etc.) Source of injury (tools, body movement, etc.) Factors contributing to accidents Trait theories (later) such as accident proneness Age (younger and over 60 more) Immediate environment (noise, temperature, light, workspace) Equipment (controls, displays, compatibility, visibility, guarding) Work (pacing, physical workload, mental workload, motor skills, etc.) Worker (skill, experience, training, etc.) Management (policies, safety, productivity requirements, incentives) Psychosocial (morale, climate, union, communication) Accidents

  4. Accidents • Strategies for reducing accidents • Critical incident technique—involves the description of observed unsafe acts or near-miss accidents • There are more critical incidents than accidents, therefore, a database can be developed and enough data collected to reflect patterns of behavior and events that can be useful in developing preventive measures • Alter behavior methods—checklists, training, feedback, reinforcement strategies (rewards), incentive programs

  5. Accidents • Theories for describing/explaining accident occurrence • Accident proneness—some people more prone to have accident due to chance • Accident liability—some people more prone to have accident due to situation • Job demands vs. worker capability—accident liability increases as job demands exceed worker capabilities • Psychosocial—deals with the organizations practices and procedures

  6. Physical Environment Illumination Noise Temperature Vibration Humidity Radiation Fire hazards Airborne pollutants Social/Psychological Environment Management practices Social norms Morale Training Incentives Factors Contributing to Accidents • Personnel • Trait theories (later) such as accident proneness • Age • Experience • Gender • Job • Workload (mental/physical) • Work-rest cycles • Shift • Pacing • Procedures • Arousal, fatigue • Equipment and tools • Control/displays • Electrical hazards • Mechanical hazards • Thermal hazards • Pressure hazards

More Related