Understanding STDs: Infections, Symptoms, and Prevention

1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s)

2. What is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? • It is an infection or disease passed from person to person through sexual contact • How many people have STDs? • The United States has the highest rates of STDs in the industrialized world. • In the United States alone, about 19 million new infections are estimated to occur each year. • Women suffer more frequent and more serious complications from STDs than men.

3. The STD Infections BACTERIA: Cure possible • Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis VIRUSES: No Cure • HIV/AIDS, Herpes, HPV

4. How do you get an STD? • You can get and pass STDs through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. • Trichomoniasis can also picked up from contact with damp or moist objects such as towels, wet clothing, or a toilet seat, if the genital area gets in contact with these damp objects. • Some STDs cause no symptoms. • But STDs can still be passed from person to person even if there are no symptoms.

5. What are the symptoms of STDs? • Women: • Unusual discharge from the vagina • Pain, burning or itching around the vagina • Pain in the pelvic area or abdomen, sometimes with fever or chills • Bleeding other than your usual period • Sores or blisters on the genitals or in the mouth

6. Men • Discharge from the end of the penis • Pain or burning when urinating • Swelling around the groin • Sores or blisters on the genitals or in the mouth • Flu-like symptoms such as fever chills, aches in the joints or muscles

7. Chlamydia • Very Common • Can spread in your body and cause sterility in males and females • Mothers can pass the germ to their babies at childbirth

8. Symptoms • Most women have no symptoms. • Women with symptoms may have: • abnormal vaginal discharge • burning when urinating • bleeding between menstrual periods • Men • Watery or milky drip from the penis • Itchy feeling inside the penis • A burning feeling when urinating • Pain or swelling of the testicles

9. Testing & Treatment for Chlamydia • Easily detected by a urine test or a swab; and • Easily cured with antibiotics; but • Any damage to the body cannot be repaired

10. Chlamydia Symptoms in Men

11. Chlamydia Symptoms in Women

12. Gonorrhea • Symptoms are often mild, but most women have no symptoms. • Even when women have symptoms, they can sometimes be mistaken for a bladder or another vaginal infection. • Vaginal discharge (fluid/mucus) • Burning or pain with peeing ( male and female) • Lower abdominal pain • Testicular pain • Discharge from penis

13. Chlamydia & Gonorrheain Females • Infection in cervix • Can go into uterus, • Tubes, ovaries (“PID”) • Painful Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • Trouble getting pregnant later in life • Dangerous tubal pregnancy

14. Pelvic Inflammatory disease • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) refers to infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs that causes symptoms such as lower abdominal pain. • Most commonly caused by bacterial infections such as Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

15. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

16. Chlamydia & Gonorrheain Males • Irritation to urinary tract • Infection of the tubes and testicles inside the body • Trouble getting a woman pregnant later in life

17. Testing & Treatment for Gonorrhea • Easily detected by a urine test or swab. • Easily cured with antibiotics. • Any damage done to the body cannot be repaired.

18. Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men Discharge from the penis (may be thick, milky white, yellowish, or greenish) Burning during urination Swollen or tender testicles (epididymitis)

19. Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women Usually asymptomatic Painful urination Abnormal vaginal bleeding Pain during sex

20. Syphilis • Symptoms in the first, or primary stage: • a single, painless sore appears, usually in the genital areas but may appear in the mouth • if infection is not treated, it moves to the next stage

21. Symptoms in the next, or secondary, stage are: • skin rash on the hands and feet that usually does not itch and clears on its own • fever • swollen lymph glands • sore throat • headaches • weight loss • muscle aches • tiredness

22. In the latent, or hidden, stage, the symptoms listed above disappear • but the symptoms from the second stage can come back. • In the late stage, infection remains in the body and can damage • the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.

23. Oral Primary Syphilis Chancre

24. Secondary Syphilis Body Rash

25. Secondary Syphilis Rash

27. Syphilis Secondary Syphilis Palm Rash

28. Late Stage Syphilis Ulcerating Gumma

29. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • HPV is a virus which causes warts, and may cause cancer of the cervix or Penis • Women with symptoms may have: • visible warts in the genital area, including the thighs. • Warts can be raised or flat, alone or in groups, small or large, and sometimes they are cauliflower-shaped • Burning, itching, pain and bleeding • lesions on the cervix and in the vagina

30. Men with symptoms may have: • Warts on the penis or around the anal region • Bleeding • Secretions • Decreased force of urination

32. Crabs (Pubic Lice) • Parasite’s that infest areas of the body where hair grows, • The most common areas affected are: • abdomen • anus • groin

33. Cycle • An adult louse gets onto the skin and lays eggs • Eggs hatch 6-10 days later releasing baby lice, called nymphs • They attach their eggs, called nits, to the host's pubic hair • Within 15 days these grow into adults and multiply again • Nymphs and adult lice feed on human blood

34. Symptoms • Feeling run down • Inflamed skin and small red or bluish irritations caused by 'crab' lice bites and defecation • Intense itchiness at the infected area, usually more intense at night (begins about 5 days after infestation) • Irritability • Mild fever

35. These parasites are transmitted by • intimate contact  • sexual contact • Contact with contaminated items, such as: • bedding • clothing • toilet seats • towels • upholstered furniture

37. SCABIES • is a contagious, itchy skin condition caused by very small, wingless insects or mites called the Human Itch mite or Scabies • The female insect burrows into the skin where she lays 1-3 eggs daily • If untreated, the female will continue to lay eggs for about 5 weeks. The eggs hatch and the new mites begin the cycle all over again.

38. Symptoms • A very small, hard to see, zigzag blister usually marks the trail of the insect as she lays her eggs. • Intense itching especially at night • A red rash can occur at the area that has been scratched. • Skin may become crusty or scaly as the infection progresses

39. scabies rash will show up • little red bumps like hives • Pimples • tiny bites

40. Genital Herpes • Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex viruses • type 1 (HSV-1) • type 2 (HSV-2) • Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2

41. Some people may have no symptoms. • During an “outbreak,” the symptoms are clear • small red bumps, blisters, or open sores on the penis, vagina, or on areas close by • vaginal discharge • fever • headache • muscle aches • pain when urinating • itching, burning, or swollen glands in genital area • pain in legs, buttocks, or genital area

42. How do people get Genital Herpes? • HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found in and released from the sores that the viruses cause • but they also are released between outbreaks from skin that does not appear to have a sore. • Generally, a person can only get HSV-2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection

43. There is no treatment that can cure herpes • antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks during the period of time the person takes the medication. • In addition, daily suppressive therapy for symptomatic herpes can reduce transmission to partners.

44. The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including genital herpes, is to abstain from sexual contact, • or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected

45. Hepatitis • Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver • Viral hepatitis: caused by virus • Hepatitis B • DNA virus • 6wk - 4 month incubation period • Hepatitis C • RNA virus • 3-12wk incubation period

46. Hepatitis B • Transmission • Blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids • Contaminated needles, syringes etc. • Sexual intercourse • 10% become carriers and may develop chronic liver disease • Symptoms • Vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting • Rash and jaundice • Higher mortality rate than Type A

47. Hepatitis B • Prevention/Control • Vaccines • High cost prohibits general use • Recommended for all newborns

48. Hepatitis C • Only 25 – 30% have symptoms • New infections • 60% high-risk drug use • 40% sexual behaviors • Transmission • Blood & bodily fluids • Mother to child at birth or through breast feeding • 75% become carriers and many develop chronic liver disease

49. Hepatitis C • Symptoms • Often asymptomatic or slow in manifesting • Appearance after liver disease has progressed • Cirrhosis or cancer • Prevention/Control • No immunization available • Reduce exposure to the virus

50. What is HIV? • HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS • This virus may be passed from one person to another • infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions come in contact with an uninfected person’s broken skin or mucous membranes