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CLIMATE CHANGE

Explore the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies of climate change, including the effects on health, agriculture, ecosystems, and water resources. Learn about the findings of the IPCC and case studies highlighting the damage caused by climate change.

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CLIMATE CHANGE

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  1. CLIMATE CHANGE Wazida Begum, Asst.Professor. H&BS Envirnomental Science & Technology III Year II Sem

  2. Introduction Climate is the average weather of an area. Climate change may be limited to a region, or may occur across the whole earth. Carbon dioxide is essential for plants for performing photosynthesis; but higher concentrations of CO2 leads to “Green House Effect”.

  3. Due to the presence of greenhouse effect there is heating of the earth and the average global temperature is 15 0 C. • Population explosion has increased the demand of fuel wood leading to a fuel wood crisis followed by deforestation, soil erosion and silting up of dams. • Use of fossil fuels increases the CO2 content on atmosphere causing “Global Warming”.

  4. CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE The causes of climate change can be divided into two categories - those that are due to natural causes and those that are created by man.

  5. Natural causes There are a number of natural factors responsible for climate change. i) Plate tectonics: Over the course of millions of years, the motion of tectonic plates reconfigures global land and ocean areas and generates topography. This can affect both global and local patterns of climate and atmosphere-ocean circulation.

  6. ii) Solar output: The sun is the predominant source for energy input to the Earth. Both long- and short-term variations in solar intensity are known to affect global climate. iii) Orbital variations: Slight variations in Earth's orbit lead to changes in the seasonal distribution of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface and how it is distributed across the globe.

  7. iv) Gradual push, sudden shift: El Nino, an abnormal warming of surface ocean waters in the eastern tropical Pacific. Normal Conditions (Non El Nino)

  8. El Nino Conditions

  9. Human causes The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century saw the large-scale use of fossil fuels for industrial activities. Natural resources are being used extensively for construction, industries, transport, and consumption.

  10. Methane is another important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. About ¼ of all methane emissions are said to come from domesticated animals such as dairy cows, goats, pigs, buffaloes, camels, horses, and sheep, from landfills and other waste dumps.

  11. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HUMAN ENVIRONMENT Health: Climate change may increase the risk of some infectious diseases, particularly those diseases that appear in warm areas and are spread by mosquitoes and other insects.

  12. Agriculture and food production: Agriculture is highly sensitive to climate variability and weather extremes, such as droughts, floods and severe storms. Ecosystems and biodiversity: The risk of extinction could increase for many species, especially those that are already endangered or at risk.

  13. Water quality: Areas in which runoff is projected to decline are likely to face a reduction in the value of the services provided by water resources.

  14. FINDINGS OF IPCC (Inter governmental Panel on Climate Change) The Working Group I (WGI) TAR described an increasing body of observations that gave a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system (IPCC, 2001b).

  15. The WGII TAR documented methods of detecting observed changes in natural and managed systems, characterized the processes involved, and summarized the studies across multiple systems (see Sections 2.2, 5.2.1 and 19.1) (IPCC, 2001a).

  16. Mitigation options No single technology can provide all of the mitigation potential in any sector. IPCC has given Key mitigation technologies and practices currently commercially available. Key mitigation technologies and practices projected to be commercialized before 2030 shown in italics. 

  17. CASE STUDIES: Damage to Coral reefs, Pacific Ocean: The severity of periodic warming due to El Nino in 1997 in the Pacific Ocean led to the most serious death in coral ever known. It is estimated that about 10% of the Earth’s coral reefs were dead, another 30% were seriously affected and another 30% were degraded.

  18. Butterfly populations in the United Kingdom: Global warming is leading to an early arrival of Butterflies in Britain. Scientists say that butterflies can now be spotted much earlier every year in the last two decades. Some butterflies which need cooler temperature might suffer.

  19. CONCLUSIONS State-of-the-art information of some important aspects of climate change has been presented. There is a need for reducing greenhouse gas emission surge. It is not difficult as it is manmade. Due to the acceleration of melting ice-caps, ice-sheets and glaciers the coastal areas face increasing risk from the rise of sea level. Hence, the global warming needs to be controlled.

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