Contraception

1. Hormonal Methods Reversible Methods Contraception

2. Reversible Methods of Birth Control • Mirena Intrauterine System • ParaGard Intrauterine Device

3. Reversible Methods of Birth Control Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) • ParaGard- A small plastic device wrapped in copper, that is placed inside of a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy. • Is shaped in the form of a ‘T’. • Can stay in the uterus for up to 10 years. • 99.4% effective in preventing pregnancy. • As effective as having fallopian tubes ‘tied’ • Does not require surgery, anesthesia, and is fully reversible

4. Reversible Methods of Birth Control • Intrauterine System • Mirena Intrauterine System- A small ‘T’ shaped device, made of plastic, placed in the uterus by a doctor. • Releases small amounts of progestin each day to the uterus to prevent pregnancy. • May stay in the uterus for up to 5 years. • 99% effective in preventing pregnancy

5. IUD

6. How does an IUD work? • IUDs affect the way sperm move, preventing them from joining with an egg. • If sperm cannot join with an egg, pregnancy cannot happen. • The progestin in the Mirena IUD works by keeping a woman's ovaries from releasing eggs. • Pregnancy cannot happen if there is no egg to join with sperm. Progestin also prevents pregnancy by thickening a woman's cervical mucus. The mucus blocks sperm and keeps it from joining with an egg.

7. Hormonal Methods of Birth Control • Oral Contraceptives • Patch • Vaginal Ring • Injection • Implant • Emergency Contraception

8. Oral Contraceptive • The birth control pill is taken everyday to prevent pregnancy • The ‘pill’ releases either a combination of estrogen and progestin or solely progestin into the body • The hormones that are released into the body prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg and thicken the cervical mucous, therefore preventing sperm from fertilizing an egg • The pill inhibits the body from releasing Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone which play a key role in preparing the body for pregnancy

9. Birth Control Pill

10. How effective is birth control? • Birth control pills are very effective. • Combination pills work best when taken every day. • Progestin-only pills must be taken at the same time every day. • That keeps the correct level of hormone in a woman’s body. • 92-99% effective

11. People who should not take the pill… • If you are older than 35 • Smokers • Individuals with a history of blood clots • History of breast cancer • Check with your doctor to make sure no medications that you are currently taking interfere with the effectiveness of the ‘pill’

12. The Patch (OrthoEvra) • A small patch that sticks to your skin that releases the hormones estrogen and progestin • Hormones are released directly into the bloodstream • The hormones prevent ovulation and thicken the cervical mucous • The patch may be placed on the lower abdomen, butt, or upper body • A new patch is placed on once a week for 3 weeks, week 4 the individual does not put on a patch because that is the week they have their menstrual period

13. Where the patch can be placed on the body Abdomen Buttocks Shoulder Upper Arm

14. The Patch

15. How effective is the patch? • The birth control patch works best when it is always placed on the skin on time. • Ensures that the correct level of hormone are present • The patch may be less effective for women who weigh more than 198 pounds.  • 92-99% effective

16. People should not use the patch if… • Taking medications that interfere with effectiveness • Age 35 or older • Are very overweight • Have certain inherited blood-clotting disorders • Have diabetes • Have high blood pressure • Have high cholesterol • Have breast cancer • Pregnant • Smoke

17. Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing) • A small flexible plastic ring that is placed in the vagina once a month for three weeks to prevent pregnancy • Needs to be stored in a cool place, such as a refrigerator • The ring releases low levels of the hormones, estrogen and progestin • Prevent ovulation and thicken the cervical mucous • Brain is signaled not to release hormones that advance egg maturation

18. Vaginal Ring Hormone s are released from the ring

19. How effective is the vaginal ring? • The vaginal ring works best when a woman inserts it, keeps it in place for three weeks, takes it out for one week, and then inserts a new ring. • Correct level of hormone in a woman’s body are present if directions are followed • Woman will menstruate during the week the ring is not present • 92-99% effective

20. People should not use the vaginal ring if…. • Taking medications that interfere with the ring • Age 35 or older • Are very overweight • Have certain inherited blood-clotting disorders • Have diabetes • Have high blood pressure • Have high cholesterol • Smoke • Breast cancer, cancer of the uterus, cancer of the vagina, and liver cancer

21. Injection (DepoProvera) • A hormonal shot of progestin in the arm or buttocks that prevents a woman from ovulating and thickens cervical mucous

22. How effective is the shot? • The birth control shot is one of the most effective methods of birth control available. • Works best when you get the shot regularly, every 12 weeks. • 97-99% effective • Side effect may be loss of calcium in bones, therefore making bones more fragile

23. People who should not receive the shot… • Check with doctor about current medications • Are pregnant • Have breast cancer • Have a blood clot in a vein or artery and are not taking medicine for it • Have had bone fractures (breaks)

24. Implant (Implanon) • A small matchstick like plastic rod that is surgically implanted in a patients arm • The rod releases the hormone progestin for 3 years to prevent ovulation and thicken the cervical mucous • Implanon is surgically implanted and must be removed and replaced after 3 years

25. Implanon

26. How effective is Implanon? • Implanon is very effective. Less than 1 out of 100 women a year will become pregnant using Implanon • It lasts up to three years • 99% effective

27. People who should not receive the implant… • Current medications adversely effect the implant • Are pregnant • Have blood clots • Have breast, uterine, or vaginal cancer • Have had ovarian cysts

28. Emergency Contraception • NOT A REGULAR METHOD OF BIRTH CONTROL • Used to prevent pregnancy up to 5 days after unprotected sex

29. Reasons for using Emergency Contraception • You may want EC if: • The condom broke or slipped off • Forgot to take your birth control pills, insert your ring, or apply your patch. • Diaphragm or cap slipped out of place • You miscalculated your "safe" days • He didn't pull out in time-ejaculation occurred within the vagina • You weren't using any birth control • You were forced to have unprotected vaginal sex, or were raped

30. Emergency Contraception • Works by releasing hormones into the body that block ovulation and increase cervical mucous, therefore blocking the sperm from joining the egg • Commonly known as ‘The Morning After Pill’ or ‘Plan B’

31. How effective is Emergency Contraception? • Emergency contraception can be started up to 120 hours — five days — after unprotected intercourse. The sooner it is started, the better it works. • Plan B reduces the risk of pregnancy by 89 percent when started within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. • When birth control pills are used as emergency contraception, they reduce the risk of pregnancy by 75 percent when started within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse.