Romeo and Juliet Review

1. Romeo and Juliet Review Acts I and II

2. Literary Elements 1. foil: a character who is used as a contrast to another character; have opposing or contradicting traits example: Benvolio and Tybalt, Mercutio and Romeo 2. oxymoron: figure of speech that combines two contradictory (opposite) terms example: brawling love, loving hate, feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick health, heavy lightness, serious vanity, misshapen chaos 3. allusion: reference to a statement, a person, a place, or an event from literature, history, religion, mythology, politics, sports, science, or religion. example: Cupid's arrow, goddess Dian's wit, Echo

3. Literary Elements 4. iambic pentameter: a line of poetry that contains five iambs. An iamb is a metrical unit of measure, consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Thus, there are ten syllables in one line of iambic pentameter. example: "But soft, what light through yonder window breaks" (Romeo) "Put up your swords. You know not what you do" (Benvolio) 5. quatrain: four lines of poetry grouped together example: first four lines of Prologue ("Two households both alike in dignity....)

4. Literary Elements 6. couplet: two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme example: last two lines of Prologue ("The which if you....); the last two lines of most scenes 7. sonnet: fourteen-line poem usually written in iambic pentameter that generally expresses a single them or idea; rhyme scheme: ababcdcdefefgg example: Act I Prologue, Act I, Scene 5 conversation between Romeo and Juliet, beginning of Act II

5. Literary Elements 8. pun: a play on the multiple meaning of a word or two words that sound alike but have different meanings, usually has a humorous effect example: coal, choler, collier (Act I, scene 1) measure (Act I, scene 4) sole/soul (Act I, scene 4) 9. aside: words that are spoken by a character in a play to the audience or to another character but that are not supposed to be overheard by the others onstage example: Romeo when he sees Juliet on the balcony ("Shall I speak at this?" Act II, scene 2) Sampson to Gregory ("Is the law of our side if I say Ay?" "No" Act I, scene 1)

6. Literary Elements 10. alliteration: a repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words example: "I'll look to like if looking liking move." (Juliet) 11. inciting moment: begins rising action, the single incident (conflict) in the story's action without which there would be no story; sets the story in motion example: the fight and the prince's decree; when Tybalt sees Romeo at the Capulet feast and vows vengeance

7. Literary Elements 12. foreshadowing: the use of hints or clues to suggest what will occur later in the plot; helps to build suspense and anxiety example: Romeo's saying it's not a good idea to go to Capulet feast Balcony scene when Juliet says their love is rash, "too like lightening which doth cease to be..." (foreshadows their death)

8. Literary Elements 13. prologue: an introduction or preface, especially a poem recited to introduce a play or act example: beginning of Act I and Act II 14. conceit: an elaborate, usually intellectually poetic comparison or image; an extended or exaggerated metaphor example: Lady Capulet compares Paris to a book "Juliet is the Sun"

9. Background • List Shakespeare's children. • Suzana, Judith, Hamnet • Who was Shakespeare's wife? How old were they when they married? • Anne Hathaway – 26 Shakespeare – 18 • Where was Shakespeare born? On what day? • Stratford-upon-Avon April 23, 1564

10. Background • Name Shakespeare's parents. What was his father's occupation? • John Shakespeare – glover, tanner Mary Arden • What was the name of Shakespeare's first acting company? What didthey change the name to later and why? • Lord Chamberlain's Men • Changed to King's Men to honor the new king (James I) • What did Shakespeare study in grammar school? • Latin, Greek

11. Background • What was unique about the Black Friar's? • private, enclosed, indoor lighting • What effect did the plague have on the theaters? • caused the theaters to close occasionally • Shakespeare was known for writing plays and poetry. • Why were tomatoes sold at the concession stands? • audience threw them at the actors if they didn't like the play (tomatoes were considered poisonous)

12. Background • Who/what were groundlings? • audience who paid a penny to STAND in the PIT area in front of the stage to watch the play • What was the area called that cost only a penny to stand in and watch the play? • the Pit • In the Globe Theater, what were the "heavens" and "hell"? • heavens – roof covering part of stage with zodiac signs painted on it • hell – area under stage

13. Background • Where did the actors go to change into their costumes? • Tiring House • Since they were not allowed to advertise for a play, they few a flagfrom the top of the theater to announce a play. This flag was flown from thehut (roof of the stage). • At what times were the plays performed? • afternoon – 2:00 – 5:00 pm

14. Background • Other entertainment took place at or near the theater for gambling purposes. Name two of these. • bear-baiting and cockfighting • How did we get the term "box office"? • ushers took their full BOXES of money from admission to a room, left them there, and picked up empty boxes

15. Characters and Quotes • "I'll look to like, if looking liking move." • Juliet • Who is the ruler of Verona? • Prince Escalus • This character is the enemy of Lord Capulet. He is also concernedabout his son's depression and lack of sleep. • Lord Montague

16. Characters and Quotes • This man's hobby is growing herbs. He marries Romeo and Juliet. • Friar Laurence • He is in love with Juliet and asks Lord Capulet for permission to marry her. He is also a relative of the prince. • Count Paris • "What, drawn, and talk of peace? I hate the word as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee." • Tybalt

17. Characters and Quotes • "Part, fools! Put up your swords..." • Benvolio • "Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow that I shall say good night till it be morrow." • Juliet • The two servants of the Capulets discussing the feud in Act I, scene 1. • Sampson and Gregory

18. Characters and Quotes • "But soft! What light through yonder window breaks! It is the East, and Juliet is the sun!" • Romeo • "Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast." • Friar Laurence • This young lady does not return Romeo's love, and she has vowed to never marry. • Rosaline

19. Characters and Quotes • A cousin and friend of Romeo, a man who prefers peace to violence. • Benvolio • "If ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace." • Prince Escalus • Light-hearted, fun-loving, tells about Queen Mab and dreams. • Mercutio

20. Characters and Quotes • Motherly, cares for Juliet, helps arrange her marriage. • Nurse • Daughter of the Capulets, age 13. • Juliet • "Oh, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!" • Romeo

21. Characters and Quotes • "These violent delights have violent ends, and in their triumph die, like fire and powder which as they kiss consume." • Friar Laurence • In Act I, scene 1, she cries out, "A crutch, a crutch!" when her husband asks for a sword. • Lady Capulet • "Let two more summers wither in their pride ere we may think her ripe to be a bride." • Lord Capulet

22. Characters and Quotes • He is in love with someone who does not return his love; then he quickly falls in love with another girl. • Romeo • "My ears have yet not drunk a hundred words of thy tongue's utterance, yet I know the sound." • Juliet • "But let me tell ye, if ye should lead her into a fool's paradise, as they say, it were a very gross kind of behavior, as they say." • Nurse

23. Characters and Quotes • Thinks perhaps Juliet should wait two years to marry, but agrees to allow it if Paris will woo her. • Lord Capulet • "That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." • Juliet • “True I talk of dreams… the children of an idle brain, begot of nothing but vain fantasy….” • Mercutio

24. Miscellaneous Questions • What does Sampson do that starts the fight in Act I, scene 1? • bites his thumb at Abram and Balthasar • Where is this story taking place? • Verona • Describe Romeo's mood in Act I, scene 1. Why is he feeling this way? • depressed, frustrated, sad, wants to be alone • because he is in love with Rosaline, but she doesn't love him back

25. Miscellaneous Questions • When do Romeo and Juliet plan to get married? • the day after the feast and the balcony scene; the second day of the play (Monday) • Where does Romeo go after the ball? • climbs over the wall and into the Capulet's ORCHARD underneath Juliet's balcony • How does Romeo discover that Juliet loves him? • he overhears her talking about her feelings while he is standing in the orchard (she's standing on the balcony)

26. Miscellaneous Questions • What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the balcony scene? • the sun • Why does Benvolio want Romeo to meet other girls? • to help him "get over" Rosaline; so he won't be so depressed and sad • For what purpose does Mercutio give the speech about Queen Mab? • to cheer up and tease Romeo, to tell him not to take his dream seriously, to entertain his friends (he likes to be in the spotlight!)

27. Miscellaneous Questions • What plans does Romeo make the day after the feast? • to have Friar Laurence perform the wedding between himself (Romeo) and Juliet (meets Juliet's Nurse at 9 in the morning to tell her the plans) • How will he get into Juliet's room on their wedding night? • by climbing a rope ladder that he sends to the Nurse • Who has challenged Romeo to fight and why? • Tybalt – because Romeo insulted him and his family (the Capulets) by going to their feast; Tybalt is angry and wants VENGEANCE!!!

28. Miscellaneous Questions • How does Juliet arrange to meet with Romeo to be married? • she will tell her family that she is going to "shrift" (confession), then she will meet Romeo at Friar Laurence's cell to get married • What is Friar Laurence's first reaction to Romeo's request to be married to Juliet? Why does he change his mind and decide to marry them? • he's shocked and not happy because Romeo changes his mind about who he loves so easily and quickly, but he agrees because he thinks it might end the "rancor" (hatred) between the Capulets and Montagues and bring them together.