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Unit 5

Unit 5. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church The Schism Early Protestants. The catalyst. War between England and France (1294) The Kings of both countries Edward I (England) and Phillip IV the fair (Fr) decided to pay for the war by taxing the church

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Unit 5

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  1. Unit 5 The Babylonian Captivity of the Church The Schism Early Protestants

  2. The catalyst • War between England and France (1294) • The Kings of both countries Edward I (England) and Phillip IV the fair (Fr) decided to pay for the war by taxing the church • Pope Boniface VIII calls this “an assault on the Church” • Phillip responded by keeping Church revenue in France • Edward denied the clergy protection of law • Boniface backed down Victory of State over Church

  3. The fight continues in France • Phillip arrested a French Bishop to assert his control over the French Church • Called the Pope a heretic • Boniface issues 2 Papal Bulls • Asculta fili”…God has placed popes above Kings • Followed by “Unum Sanctum” • Phillip arrests the Pope who is beaten badly and died shortly after his release • Phillip pressured Clement V to settle at Avignon in 1309 (lasts until 1377) (The Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy)

  4. The Great Schism (1378-1417) • Gregory XI returns to Rome in 1378 and dies • The people of Rome demand an Italian Pope • The Cardinals elect Urban VI(an arrogant tactless reformer) • Result: Cardinals elect another “Anti-Pope” Clement VII who returns the Papacy to Avignon and began the Great Schism

  5. Resolution • The Council of Pisa elects a new Pope Alexander V who rules from Pisa) • Problem: Now 3 Popes • The Council of Constance (1414-1418) • Elect Martin V (1417-1431) who disbanded the council before they could deal with anything else (corruption, heresy)

  6. Early Protests • John Wycliffe (d.1384) • Leader of the “Lollards” in England • Oxford theologian • Supremacy of scripture • Royal power over Pope • Poverty of clergy • 1st Engl. Translation of Bible

  7. Early protests • Jan Huss • Many of the same ideas as Wycliffe • Also a bohemian nationalist • Burned at the stake to begin the Council of Constance

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