1 / 23

Doc A: Outside Info

Thesis 1: The tension of the 1920s was caused by a split between those looking to the future and those nostalgic for the past and led to violence and conflict.

rocio
Download Presentation

Doc A: Outside Info

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Thesis 1: The tension of the 1920s was caused by a split between those looking to the future and those nostalgic for the past and led to violence and conflict. • Thesis 2: Although the 1920s are often seen as a return to “normalcy” after WWI and the Progressive era, in fact the decade marked a resurgence of reform by those who believed that the system no longer served their interests. These reformers split into those who wanted to revitalize American values and those who wanted to create a new American culture, and while neither group fulfilled its goals during the 1920s, these reforms had a profound impact on American politics and culture. • [“Although…because” / “Although…actually” thesis]

  2. Doc A: Outside Info • Sinclair Lewis • Lost Generation [Gertrude Stein (Autobiography of Alice B Toklas, onOakland: “There is no there there”; Ernest Hemingway (The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms), F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great Gatsby)]; expatriates; rejection heroism/honor of war; rejection bourgeois values and behavior

  3. Doc A • Babbitt (1922): town of Zenith (midwest); boosterism (see Doc C); Prohibition; adultery; youth/car culture; coerced conformity; suburbia; consumerism • A joiner (Elks: fraternal order—get together for drinks, smoke, make business deals, get away from the wife)‏ • “fix what he believed to be his own individuality...the substitutes, for joy and passion and wisdom”

  4. Doc B: Outside Info • Joseph Stella • Futurism: originally Italian (immigration and nativism); nationalistic; rejection of the past; technology; speed • "We want no part of it, the past we the young and strong Futurists!" F.T. Marinetti, Futurist Manifesto • Modernism

  5. Doc C: Outside Info • Butler Act (1925): illegal deny literal Biblical Genesis of Man; ACLU looking for trial • Dayton, Tenn: boost town's profile w/lawsuit--> John Scopes (football coach) claims to have taught evolution (in textbook)‏ • --> W. J. Bryan for prosecution; Clarence Darrow (Leopold and Loeb) for defense • Scopes convicted (at Darrow's request)--> judge fines--> appeal--> law upheld, but conviction tossed on technicality (no appeal to SC--> no ruling evolution until 1968)‏

  6. Fundamentalism (1870s-1920s): begin Presbyterian Niagara Bible Conference (1870s-1890s); return to “fundamentals” + literal interpretation of Bible (tail-end 3rd Great Awakening: 1850-1900)‏ • Five Fundamentals (1910): inerrancy, virgin birth, Christ's death atones sin, bodily resurrection, historical reality miracles • Spread to Baptists (largest group; then Methodists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Episcopalians)‏ • Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy • Harry Emerson Fosdick: “Shall the Fundamentalists Win?” (1922); liberal/modern Christianity: struggle integrate science w/religion vs. intolerant conservatives--> “Shall Unbelief Win?”

  7. WJ Bryan: 1900--> reborn • “The same science that manufactured poisonous gases to suffocate soldiers is preaching that man has a brute ancestry and eliminating the miraculous and the supernatural from the Bible.” (social “Darwinism”)--> war against evolution • Evolution never central to liberal/fundamentalist split; simply where religion crossed w/politics; most fundamentalists not concerned about evolution (taught in Presbyterian-run schools while being banned in public schools)‏

  8. Doc C • “I am examining you on your fool ideas that no intelligent Christian on earth believes.” • Not true (even today)‏ • “Urban liberal elite” condescension--> sense attack + deepening of split • Not really an urban-rural or rich-poor or even educated-not split--> how best understand/deal with changing world

  9. Doc D: Outside • Immigration, urbanization, WWI (arming black soldiers), Great Migration--> 1915: 2 nd KKK founded—racism, anti-communism, anti-Catholicism, nativism, anti-Semitism (Florida: Leo Frank trial and lynching)‏ • 1stst Klan: 1865-1871; 550,000 members • 2nd: 1915-1945; 4 million, 15% eligible population (adult, white, Protestant, native-born males)‏ • Primarily urban; cross-section of white, Protestant society (esp. working + middle class); Mid West (esp. Indiana: controlled most state gov't); 1924 Democratic Nat'l Convention • 1918-27: 416 blacks lynched; also pushed education spending, prohibition, progressive reform • Based on fraternal lodges (Babbitt probably would have been a member)‏

  10. Doc D • populist rhetoric • “de-Americanized”: fear of end of frontier (FJ Turner, 1893)‏ + immigration • “for most of us lack skill in language” • “intellectually mongrelized 'Liberals'”: racial mongrel; see Doc B

  11. Doc E: Outside • Harlem Renaissance/New Negro Movement: combat racism and paternalism; uplift race through art • Wide range perspectives: high culture, traditional black modes, modernism; • Commonality: “experience of slavery and the African-American folk traditions that emerged from it on black identity, the effects of institutional racism, the dilemmas inherent in performing and writing for elite white audiences, and the question of how to convey the experience of modern black life in the urban North” • Ambiguity: Duke Ellington, Cotton Club—exclusively white audience • Progressive sentiment: belief reform possible

  12. Langston Hughes • The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain: The younger Negro artists who create now intend to express our individual dark-skinned selves without fear or shame. If white people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, it doesn't matter. We know we are beautiful. And ugly, too. The tom-tom cries, and the tom-tom laughs. If colored people are pleased we are glad. If they are not, their displeasure doesn't matter either. We build our temples for tomorrow, strong as we know how, and we stand on top of the mountain free within ourselves.

  13. “Harlem,” 1951 • What happens to a dream deferred? • Does it dry up • like a raisin in the sun? • Or fester like a sore • And then run? • Does it stink like rotten meat? • Or crust and sugar over • like a syrupy sweet? • Maybe it just sags • like a heavy load. • Or does it explode?

  14. Doc F • Charles Lindbergh: “Lucky Lindy,” “The Lone Eagle”: • 1) 1927: solo-flight NYC-London (Spirit of St. Louis); advocates commercial air • 2) “Crime of the Century”: Lindbergh baby, 1932 • 3) Isolationist; America First; 1938: Commander Cross of the Order of the German Eagle (same as H Ford) • P. Roth The Plot Against America

  15. Philippians 4:8-9 “Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. • Those things, which ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, do: and the God of peace shall be with you.”

  16. Doc G • Frances Willard, WCTU President • alcoholism result social problems not personal weakness/failing--> general reform movement: prohibition, moral reform of prostitutes, sanitation, prison reform, woman's suffrage--> 19th--> women “would come into government and purify it, into politics and cleanse the Stygian pool." (“Home Protection Ballot”) • → brewers oppose suffrage Years Membership 1881 22,800 1891 138,377 1901 158,477 1911 245,299 1921 344,892 1931 372,355 1941 216,843 1951 257,548

  17. “Noble Experiment” • 18th Amendment + Volstead Act • Dries vs. Wets • Al Capone, Eliot Ness • Bootleggers, moonshiners, speakeasies • Economic impact on workers (Samuel Gompers and AFL) • Alcohol consumption increased; younger

  18. Doc H • Liberalization divorce laws: not just adultery/abuse (not all: NY; SC: no divorce) • Divorce migrants: Idaho, Nevada, Arkansas competed for dollars (housing, lawyers, subsistence); others went to France • Remarriage common (1930 census: 1% divorced) • Emotional + sexual satisfaction replaced economic security as metric of marriage--> commitment to marriage strong, diff. reasons • Conservatives feared divorce as threat to civilization and the institution of marriage (familiar?)

  19. Sister Aimee Semple McPherson • Evolution in school--> crisis of faith--> revival meeting--> Pentecostal: evangelical, “spiritual gifts “: faith healing, speaking in tongues, “holy rollers,” etc. • → 1913 revivalist: massively popular (10,000s attend) • Billy Sunday: fire-brimstone • Sister Aimee: friendly • 1916: “Gospel Car” (in South breaks Jim Crow) • 1918: “The Bridal Call”--women's role in Ch'y • → moves to booming LA

  20. 1923: Angelus Temple • 5,300 seating capacity; packed 3x day, 7days/week • KFSG radio sermons • → International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (Christ: savior, baptizer, healer, king) • (Rick Warren)

  21. 1926: “abduction”--> disfavor • Enormous community service in Great Depression--> revival • Helped immigrants w/o question (during period high anti-immigrant feeling; LA major base KKK) • Drug overdose, Oakland, 1944

More Related