Africa’s Strategy for maritime security - A SA Navy perspective

1. R Adm Bernhard Teuteberg South African Navy Chief Director Maritime Strategy Africa’s Strategyformaritime security- A SA Navy perspective

2. Aim of Presentation The aim of this presentation is to provide the SA Navy perspective on Maritime Security Issues on the African Continent

3. Africa’s Maritime Destiny “The sea is a vital national interest and that is why we maintain the Navy. … We are a maritime nation trading all over the world. We accept our obligation to combine with other maritime nations to uphold the freedom of the seas and to protect our national interests through naval power.” (President Nelson Mandela, International Fleet Review, Cape Town, 5 April 1997) No more sea blindness !

4. Context - Global Shipping Traffic • More than 92% of global trade is shipped by sea • More than 70% of global crude oil is move by sea

5. Shipping Density – Southern Africa Southern Africa’s Maritime Zones are busy! * AIS – Automatic Identification System

6. Maritime SecurityMultiple Role Players Defence Trade & Industry Finance & Economy Environmental Affairs International Affairs Police Horizontal and Vertical Integration Maritime Security – not just a defence issue

7. Global Governance of the Sea • United Nation • UNCLOS • International Maritime Organization • Solas - Safety of life at Sea • Marpol Convention – Maritime Pollution • ISPS Code

8. UNCLOS

9. Maritime Jurisdiction

10. African Union Position The importance of transport in supporting socio-economic development and regional integration cannot be overemphasised. In that context, maritime transport remains the most feasible means for facilitating trade between continents and islands. Its role is particularly enhanced in Africa whose exports are made of largely primary unprocessed commodities i.e. bulky agricultural and natural produce. About 90% of the total trade of Africa is seaborne

11. Threats However, Africa has witnessed the resurgence of the age old global problems of piracy, human trafficking and dumping of toxic waste on its coastal waters. This is further to illegal fishing which has been going on for decades unnoticed, for the most part, by poorly equipped African states. In particular, the rapid escalation of piracy activity off the coast of Somalia and the Gulf of Guinea has alarmed African states and, more so, the international community.

12. Elements of a Maritime Security Strategy • Create Political Awareness, Integration and Will • Create Regulatory Framework • Maritime Zones: UNCLOS • “Hot Pursuit” • Jurisdiction • Maritime Domain Awareness • Hydrography • Search and Rescue • Humanitarian Aid • Disaster Control

13. Elements of a Maritime Security Strategy (Cont) • Regional Co-operation Centres • Enforcement Assets • Exchange of Information, Training, Personnel, etc • Maintain Momentum: Education vs Sea Blindness • Demonstrated Will to Act

14. Naval Missions Frigates Submarines MCMVs Combat Support Sealift Hydrographic Survey Vessels Submarines Frigates Patrol Vessels Intensity Low Frequency High Patrol Vessels

15. Sea Power for Africa SymposiaBackground • Requirement for a maritime platform to raise and discuss maritime issues common to Africa • “Seapower for Africa” Symposium concept initiated by Chiefs of Navies of Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa at International Sea Power Symposium in 2003 in Rhode Island, USA • 1st “Seapower for Africa” Symposium held in Cape Town in August 2005. 23 African nations attend • 2nd “Seapower for Africa” Symposium held in Abuja, Nigeria in May 2006. 21 African nations attend, plus observers (Braz, USA, Germany, NATO) • 3rd in Cape Town 9-11 March 2009, hosted by the South African Navy. ‘Bigger & better’! Theme: Towards Effective Maritime Governance for Africa • 4th “ Seapower for Africa” Symposium to be held in 2011

16. Maritime Issues of AfricaDefence Issues • Charting Africa’s maritime zones; and Maritime Security of Africa • Piracy and Maritime Crime off the coast of Africa • Patrol & Control Africa’s vast maritime hydrocarbon and protean resources • Controlling Africa’s maritime choke points • Enhancing African Maritime Regional Maritime Co-operation: Areas of Scientific and Technology Support • Maritime, Inland Waters and Riverine disaster management

17. RESOLUTIONS EMANATING FROM THE 3rd SEA POWER FOR AFRICA SYMPOSIUM Continental and Regional Co-operation The need for structured continental and regional co-operation to address matters of maritime security and governance The need to maximise potential areas of Continental and Regional co-operation The requirement to establish Continental and Regional agreements, arrangements, and capabilities The inclusion of all landlocked countries in deliberations The need to capacitate and support the Maritime Office of the African Union

18. RESOLUTIONS (cont) International Co-operation The need for maritime interaction with overseas partners to enhance interoperability, information sharing and international stability. To assist international efforts to eradicate the illegal use of the seas around Africa. Capability and Force Design The requirement for Continental, Regional and National harmonisation of Force Structure Element capability requirements, designs, technologies and logistic/administration support. The requirement to operationalise the concept of collaborative multi-national exercises/training and utilisation.

19. RESOLUTIONS (cont) Policy and Governance The need for the generation of the comprehensive maritime security policy for Africa. Recognition of the importance of collective Continental and Regional ownership and support of all issues pertaining to maritime governance. The requirement for the harmonisation of laws, policies and institutions to facilitate efficient co-operation and collaboration in pursuit of ensuring maritime security Continentally and Regionally. The need to explore the legal framework as a method of providing mechanisms of co-operation. The need to harmonise the legal frameworks of African states as a means of enhancing Continental and Regional co-operation and implementing the resolutions of the Symposia.

20. RESOLUTIONS (cont) Landlocked States The call for the full participation and co-operation of landlocked countries to the governance of Africa’s maritime zones. The imperative for leading African maritime nations to assist the disadvantaged coastal and inland states who lack the capacity to secure their maritime zones. The inclusion of all landlocked states, agreements and contributions (material, human) in keeping with, inter alia, the provisions of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Continuation of the Sea Power for Africa Initiative The necessity for a representative Continental working group to be established under the leadership of the present Chair or other duly elected entity. The resolution that the forthcoming Sea Power for Africa Symposium be convened in 2010, with Libya being requested to host the event.

21. RESOLUTIONS (cont) Consolidation of Previous Resolutions The imperative for all Regions and Member State countries to act upon the resolutions emanating from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Sea Power for Africa Symposia. Securing a mandate The overriding obligation placed on all African Countries to bring to the attention of their people and their governments the critical importance of the maritime domain to their economic well being. The obligation placed upon participating delegates to present the proceedings of the Third Sea Power for Africa Symposium, together with the associated resolutions, to their own principals in order to achieve endorsement and support by own Governments.

22. Conclusion • Maritime Security on African Continent requires more action • Political Understanding, Integration and Will to be established • The AU to assume responsibility • A Regional Approach is proposed • Utilise the SPAS as the vehicle for collaboration on Navy to Navy level • Be Credible and Relevant

23. RELEVANCE • “You are only Relevant if OTHERS see you as Relevant” R Adm Andreas Krause (German Navy) Deterrence Deterrence can only be effective if the right capability is demonstrated as meeting the specification and if the political will to utilise such capability is proven

24. The End