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Robert Dopp DoppStein Enterprises / GridShift, Inc. Presentation to: U.S. Department of Energy

High Rate - High Efficiency Water Electrolysis using 3D Isotropic nanoCatalysts coatings for clean energy solutions. Robert Dopp DoppStein Enterprises / GridShift, Inc. Presentation to: U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 October 14, 2010. Outline.

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Robert Dopp DoppStein Enterprises / GridShift, Inc. Presentation to: U.S. Department of Energy

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  1. High Rate - High Efficiency Water Electrolysis using 3D Isotropic nanoCatalysts coatings for clean energy solutions Robert Dopp DoppStein Enterprises / GridShift, Inc. Presentation to: U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 October 14, 2010 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  2. Outline • Introduction – Robert Dopp and Gridshift • Introduction – On Demand & Stationary Power supply- Clean & sustainable energy systems. • GridShift nanoCatalysts producing up to 80% energy efficient, cost-effective, full demo cells • Bipolar electrolysis with nanoCatalyst -coated flat plates for Bipolar Systems - Rate <350 mA/cm2 • Monopolar electrolysis using 3D nanoCatalyst electrodes for Monopolar Systems -Rates >=1 Amp/cm2 • GridShift Alkaline Fuel Cell Projections • GridShift Hydrogen Flow Cell • Next Steps 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  3. Introducing Robert Dopp Robert Dopp is well known in the Zinc Air and battery world with over 30 years experience. “Principle Engineer” at Rayovac Corp. on the Zinc Air project - 18 Years “Director of Research” at Electric Fuel of Biet Shemesh Israel - 6 years CEO DoppStein Enterprises (DSE) - 9 years CEO Gridshift Inc. (GS) - 2 years Proficiency includes Batteries, Fuel Cells and Hydrogen generation from water electrolysis. 39 Issued patents and 16 in the office in energy related fields Consults to Fuel Cell, Battery and Materials companies. Offers a depth of knowledge in battery systems with freedom & flexibility from his independent laboratory. Developed a very high rate and high efficiency electrolyzer. Developed the highest rate air cathode in the world. 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  4. Introducing Gridshift (GS) Founded in December 2008 Funded by Khosla Ventures Development began in 2007 as an Electrochemical Fluidized Bed Reactor (FBR) for water electrolysis Physical challenges with an FBR, so GS developed a “Solid-State FBR” Project met milestones on time and under budget Vinod on Board of Directors and supportive 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  5. Why H2 Production Systems? • Benefits: • Small distributed electrolyzers (On demand, Automotive) • Stationary large-scale electrolyzers • Potential synergies with renewable energy power generating systems (wind, nuclear) • No greenhouse gas emissions • GS H2 Production Cost • Challenges: • Auto - Safety • Auto- NOx increase output with increased Temp • DOE Cost goal $2.00-$3.00/gge 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  6. GS NanoCatalysis Coatings • Proprietary multiple nanoparticle recipe/method using complex pulse-shaped coating/plating operation designed by GS. • Isotropic, distribution of ‘bezel-mounted nano-cabochons’ with uniform 2D/3D surface coverage. • Excellent electrical contract from the current collector to the nanoCatalyst. 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  7. GS NanoCatalysis 3D Coating of Foam Electrodes Ni FOAM GS NanoCatalysts –coated FOAM Isotropic, fully functional 3D electrodes Enhanced current conduction for optimized electrolysis 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  8. Two-Cell Electrolyzer Parts Au Isotropically GS nanoCatalyst - coated electrodes 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  9. Two-Cell Electrolyzer Assembled 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com 9

  10. Half Cell - Voltammogram Anode or Oxygen Generating Reaction Current Density is Proportional to Gas Output Cathode or Hydrogen Generating Reaction 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  11. Flat-Plates Cell Voltage - FULL CELL • GS 3D nanoCatalyst • High-Rate • Low Power • High Efficiency • Used for on Demand Electrolysis • Or large stationary Electrolysis 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  12. Energy Efficiency - Bipolar Electrolysis 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  13. H2 Output for Flat Plates- GS High-Rate 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  14. H2 Output for Flat Plates- GS High-Rate 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  15. Half- Cell 3D Electrode Voltammogram 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  16. Energy Efficiency vs.. Rate for GS 3D nanoCatalyst coated foams – FULL CELL Raney Nickel 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  17. Energy Efficiency vs.. Rate for GS 3D nanoCatalyst coated foams – FULL CELL 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  18. H2 Output for GS nanoCatalyst-coated 3D Foam Electrodes- FULL CELL 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  19. Mass Balance (All current leading to electrolysis. No ionic shunting) 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  20. 1000 Hour Test 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  21. Applications for Water Electrolyzers Charging stations in homes for hydrogen powers vehicles Hydrogen generators at filling stations for hydrogen vehicles May be solar powered Synfuel Production CO + H2 Hydrolyze light bio-fuels into more useful fuels Methane fuel production Cobalt and Iron catalyzed H2 + Cellulose --> Methane Ammonia via the Haber-Bosch method for fertilizers Iron oxide catalyzed 3H2 + N2 --> 2NH3 Combine with solar, wind or geothermal for many of above. Improved ICE efficiency Improved diffusivity, higher Octane #, can use higher compression, faster flame-front speed, increases lean limit, etc. 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  22. High Rate Alkaline Fuel Cell- AFC 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  23. Hydrogen Flow Cell Using the GS high rate Electrolyzer, H2 and O2 are produced during peak times: When the sun shines When the wind blows When power is cheap Using the new GS AFC, stored gasses produce electricity: When the sun does not shine When the wind is calm When power is expensive 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  24. CONCLUSIONS Coating the interior surfaces of a complex shaped current collector with GS 3 D nanoCatalysts results in a very high rate - high efficiency electrolysis cell with a very low potential capital Cost. The GridShift 3D nanoCatalyst-coated full cell demonstrated up to 80% efficiency, is cost effective and reliably productive. Efficiency results may be optimized. Mass balance demonstrates data is accurate with no ionic shunting. Alkaline Fuel Cell is logical extension of work Hydrogen flow cell results when Fuel Cell is complete. 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

  25. Robert Dopp & Sharon Stein Office: 770 649 1933 Bob’s (CEO) Mobile: 770 355 2213 Sharon’s (CFO) Mobile: 404 626 9008 rbdopp@grid-shift.com www.grid-shift.com Share folder: www.grid-shift.com/doe Contact Information 770 649 1933 rbdopp@doppstein.com

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