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Slavery in Antebellum America By Rosie B. and Deirdre M.

Slavery in Antebellum America By Rosie B. and Deirdre M. "I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD.“ -William Lloyd Garrison of The Liberator.

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Slavery in Antebellum America By Rosie B. and Deirdre M.

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  1. Slavery in Antebellum AmericaBy Rosie B. and Deirdre M. "I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD.“ -William Lloyd Garrison of The Liberator

  2. Abolitionism • Quakers • Gradualism & Immediate emancipation • Underground railroad • Opposition for economic reasons

  3. Missouri Compromise (1820 - 1821) • The Missouri Compromise consisted of measures passed by the U.S. Congress to end the first of a series of crises concerning the extension of slavery. • It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30’ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. • Prior to the agreement, the House of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise and a conference committee was appointed. The United States Senate refused to concur in the amendment, and the whole measure was lost.

  4. American Antislavery Society • Founded in 1833 by Theodore Weld, Arthur Tappan, and Lewis Tappan • Lectures on the brutality and immorality of slavery • Mix of black and white members • Preached immediate emancipation • Leadership passed to William Lloyd Garrison in 1840 • Split because of Garrison’s radical views

  5. Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) • Eli Whitney was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. • The cotton gin was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the antebellum South. • Whitney's invention made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery. • King Cotton was a phrase frequently used by Southern politicians and authors prior to the American Civil War, indicating the economic and political importance of cotton production. • Whitney also saw the potential benefit of developing interchangeable parts for the firearms of the United States military, and thus, around 1798, he built ten guns, all containing the same exact parts and mechanisms, and disassembled them before the United States Congress.

  6. Tariff of 1828 • The Tariff of 1828, was a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828 designed to protect industry in the northern United States. • It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy and led to the Nullification Crisis. • The Nullification Crisis was caused by South Carolina wanting to protect their farming industry, which required slave labor and caused the threat of succession in the South. • The Tariff of 1828 had been purposely drafted to make Andrew Jackson appear as a free trade advocate in the South and as a protectionist in the North.

  7. Sojourner Truth(1797-1883) • Born Isabella Baumfree in slavery and sold several times • Escaped after being double crossed by her master • Very religious • The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave • Ain’t I a woman

  8. “Peculiar Institution” • “Peculiar Institution” was a euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South. • The meaning of "peculiar" in this expression is "one's own", that is, referring to something distinctive to or characteristic of a particular place or people. • It was in popular use during the first half of the 19th century, especially in legislative bodies, as the word slavery was deemed "improper," and was actually banned in certain areas.

  9. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) • Escaped slave • Mostly self taught • Lectured for the Massachusetts Antislavery society • The North Star • Worked for equal opportunity for all

  10. Nat Turner and Denmark Vesey • Nathaniel "Nat" Turner was an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in fifty-six deaths among their victims, the largest number of white fatalities to occur in one uprising in the antebellum southern United States. Around 100 innocent slaves were killed in retaliation. • Denmark Vesey originally Telemaque, was an African American slave brought to the United States from the Caribbean. After purchasing his freedom, he planned what would have been one of the largest slave rebellions in the United States. • Gabriel Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner influenced the Northern abolitionist movement by passing laws to restrict the slave trade.

  11. David Walker --- A possible rebellion!? • African – American abolitionist • Born free but saw the injustices of slavery • Slaves should resort to violence if necessary • Walker’s Appeal • Pride and hope for slaves • Fear for planters • Most abolitionists disagreed with Walker’s views

  12. States’ Rights and Free African Americans •  Secession was based on the idea of state rights (or "states rights," a variant that came into use after the Civil War). This exalted the powers of the individual states as opposed to those of the Federal government. It generally rested on the theory of state sovereignty, that in the United States the ultimate source of political authority lay in the separate states. Associated with the principle of state rights was a sense of state loyalty that could prevail over a feeling of national patriotism. Before the war, the principle found expression in different ways at different times, in the North as well as in the South. During the war it reappeared in the Confederacy. • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif

  13. Harriet Tubman (1819-1913) • Born Araminta Ross in slavery • Escaped to Philadelphia in 1849 • Became a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad • Made 19 trips and never lost a passenger • Known by the slaves as “Moses”

  14. Slave Codes • Slave codes were laws which each US state, or colony, enacted which defined the status of slaves and the rights of masters. Such codes gave slave-owners absolute power over their human property.

  15. William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) • Author of the famous abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator • "immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves". • $5000 offered in Georgia for his arrest and conviction • Supported women’s rights, pacifism, and temperance, as well • Stopped publishing The Liberator after the Civil War

  16. The American Colonization Society • The American Colonization Society (in full, The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America) was the primary vehicle for proposals to return free African Americans to what was considered greater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821–22 as a place for freedmen.

  17. The Liberty Party • Founded in 1840 by the branch of the American antislavery society who disagreed with Garrison • Wanted to elect leaders who shared their antislavery beliefs • Was nonexistent by 1848

  18. Work Cited • All images from Google Images • http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h333.html • http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-50.htm • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2930.html • http://www.africawithin.com/bios/david_walker.htm • http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASgarrison.htm • http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=832&nm=American-Anti-Slavery-Society • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/19269/American-Anti-Slavery-Society • http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h477.html • http://www.frederickdouglass.org/douglass_bio.html • http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html • http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/trut-soj.htm • http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASturner.htm • http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=920 • http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/whm2000/grimke4.html

  19. Work Cited • http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0833427.html • http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/elms/18th.htm • http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h268.html • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/318402/King-Cotton • http://www.ushistory.org/us/27.asp • http://www.ushistory.org/us/27b.asp • http://personal.denison.edu/~waite/liberia/history/acs.htm • http://www.africawithin.com/bios/denmark_vesey.htm • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p1518.html • http://www.civilwarhome.com/statesrights.htm

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