Lower Appendage

1. Lower Appendage

2. Femur • Femur – largest, longest, strongest bone - articulates with acetabulum (proximal) and tibia & patella (distal) • Region from the hip to the knee • Head – large, smooth, ball-shaped; fits into acetabulum • Greater & lesser trochanter– projections at proximal end; sites for muscle attachment • Lateral & medial condyle – two large surfaces on distal end

3. Femur • On posterior view, the glutealtuberosity and the lineaasperaboth serve as attachement sites for the tendons of the thigh muscles.

4. Patella • Kneecap • Anchors the anterior thigh muscle to the tibia • Base – broad, superior end • Apex – pointed, inferior end

5. Fibula • Slender bone on lateral side • Head– on proximal end • Lateral malleolus– projection at the distal end that articulates with the talus - forms the bulge of the ankle (outer)

6. Tibia • Larger, weight bearing bone on medial side; articulates with the femur & fibula (proximal) and fibula & talus (distal) • Lateral & medial condyles – slightly concave region where the condyles of the femur fit • Tibialtuberosity– rough area below the condyles for attachment of ligaments associated with the knee • Anterior crest – sharp ridge on anterior surface; forms the shin • Medial malleolus– forms the medial bulge of the ankle (inner)

7. Foot • Composed of the ankle, insteps and toes • Tarsals– 7 • Tarsus – ankle; articulates with lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia • Calcaneous – heel bone • Navicular • Meidal cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid • Metatarsals – 5 • Phalanges – 14 • Hallux – big toe