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The Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism: Transformation in Textile Production

Explore the evolution of cottage industry to factory system in Britain during the Industrial Revolution, shaping early capitalism. Discover the impact on merchants, peasants, and villagers as textile production shifted. Learn why the revolution began in Britain, from inventions to social factors.

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The Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism: Transformation in Textile Production

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  1. The Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism

  2. Merchants’ Role in Cottage Industry • Supplied materials – wool and cotton – to cottages to be carded and spun • Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth • Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs = profit + larger investment = higher profit

  3. Capitalism • An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit • Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism

  4. Effects of Cottage Industry • Big profits for new class of merchants • Alternative source of income for peasants

  5. Textile Industry and Factory System

  6. Textile Industry and Factory System • Cottage industry couldn't keep up with demand for textiles • Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning • Power loom sped up weaving • Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton

  7. Rise of Factory • New machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories • Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water

  8. Effects of Textile Factories in Britain • Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand-produced items • Britain’s textile industry increased enormously • Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories

  9. Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain • Inventions • Stone and eventually asphalt roads • Canals • Railroad ushered in with the introduction of the Rocket in 1829 • Colonies supplied raw materials • Britain’s natural resources • Coal • Carbon necessary for smelting iron • Steam engines powered by coal • Iron • Farming tools, new factory machines, railways • Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon

  10. Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain • Large population • Transportation • Railroad • Increased production and increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaply • Fueled other industries : coal, steam engines, iron • Banks lent money to entrepreneurs • Encouraged experimentation

  11. Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain • Geography • Climate good for textile production • Plenty of natural resources sych as iron and coal • Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars • Social Factors • British society less rigid than other European countries

  12. Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain • Government • Internal trade encouraged • Population allowed to relocate • Helped build roads and canals • Colonial Empire • Supplied raw materials for manufactured goods • Provided market for goods • Advantages to Industrializing First • No other countries competing for manufactured goods • Monopoly on technology

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