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Exploring The Rock Cycle and Properties of Liquids, Solids, and Solutions

Dive into the fascinating world of geology and chemistry through the exploration of the rock cycle, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Learn about the properties of liquids and solids, including their composition, phases, and changes of state. Discover the characteristics of solutions and the different types of mixtures. Unravel the concepts of solubility, solvents, and solutes, and understand the behavior of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes in solutions.

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Exploring The Rock Cycle and Properties of Liquids, Solids, and Solutions

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  1. Chapter 9: liquids, solids, and solutions

  2. The Rock Cycle

  3. You are here

  4. The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic Sedimentary

  5. The Rock Cycle Igneous Igneous means “born of fire”

  6. Bedrock Magma

  7. But then the EARTH Won’t leave The poor rock alone!

  8. Ice • Wind • Water ice wind water

  9. sediment

  10. Compression of sediments is One way Sedimentary Rock can be formed

  11. The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic ? Sedimentary

  12. Plate Tectonics

  13. The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic kinda melted squished Sedimentary

  14. HOT!

  15. Bands (can) form Metamorphic means “changed” Metamorphic!

  16. The Rock Cycle igneous metamorphic Sedimentary

  17. liquids • Made up of particles in constant motion • Particles closer together than gases • Less KE than gases

  18. Definite volume • Fluidity • Relatively high density • Relatively incompressible • Dissolving ability • Ability to diffuse • Tendency to evaporate and boil • Tendency to solidify

  19. Solids (2 types) • Crystalline (crystal): particles in orderly geometric pattern • Amorphous: random arrangement

  20. Definite shape • Definite volume • Nonfludity • Definite melting point • High density • Incompressibility • Slow rate of diffusion

  21. Changes of state • Solid  liquid (melting) • Solid  gas (sublimation)

  22. Liquid  solid (freezing) • Liquid  gas: (vaporization)

  23. Gas  liquid: (condensation)

  24. Gas  solid: (deposition)

  25. Phase diagram

  26. Triple point: solid, liquid, gas coexist at equilibrium for water = 273.16 kelvins (0.01 °C) and a pressure of 611.73 pascals (ca. 6.1173 millibars, 0.0060373057 atm). • Critical temperature: gas can not be converted to a liquid no matter how much pressure is exerted beyond the critical temp. for water =374°C (647.096 K)

  27. Water cycle

  28. Solutions • Homogeneous mixtures

  29. Electrolyte • Substance that dissolves in water and gives a solution that conducts electric current, e.g. NaCl

  30. Nonelectrolyte • Does not conduct electricity, e.g.sugar • WHY??

  31. Solvent • Dissolving medium

  32. Solute • Substance dissolved

  33. Types of Solutions • 1. Gaseous, e.g. air

  34. 2. Liquid, e.g. vinegar

  35. 3. Solid, e.g. brass (solution of copper and zinc) + =

  36. Alloy • Mixtures in which 2 or more elements (usually metals) are uniformly mixed

  37. Solubility • The amt. of a substance required to form a saturated soln. with a specific amt. of solvent at a given temp.

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