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Understanding the Nervous System: Central and Peripheral Organization

Explore the central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) - sensory and motor neurons. Learn about the organization of the nervous system, divisions, and functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).

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Understanding the Nervous System: Central and Peripheral Organization

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  1. Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  2. Organization of the nervous system

  3. Organization of the nervous system

  4. The Nervous System Nervous System: Consists of all the nerve cells. **It is the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication system. Central Nervous System (CNS): the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body.

  5. Organization of the nervous system

  6. 4 The central nervous system Brain Spinal cord A collection of neurons and supportive tissue running from the base of the brain down the center of the back Protected by spinal column

  7. Central Nervous System – The Spinal Cord and Reflexes

  8. Organization of the nervous system

  9. The Nerves • Nerves consist of neural “cables” containing many axons. • They are part of the peripheral nervous system and connect muscles, glands, and sense organs to the central nervous system.

  10. Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System • There are two divisions of the peripheral nervous system: • the somatic, or voluntary portion • the autonomic, or involuntary portion • Somatic Nervous System:The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body’s skeletal muscles (voluntary). • Autonomic Nervous System: Part of the PNS that controls the glands and other muscles (involuntary).

  11. Organization of the nervous system

  12. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) • The autonomic portion of the peripheral nervous system governs involuntary, visceral functions…such as heart and breathing rate, blood pressure, etc. • It is divided into two systems: • Sympathetic Nervous System: Division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations. • Parasympathetic Nervous System: Division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving its energy.

  13. Organization of the nervous system

  14. The Sympathetic Nervous System • Mobilizes the body’s resources for emergencies and creates the fight-or-flight response. • “Arouses”

  15. Organization of the nervous system

  16. The Parasympathetic Nervous System • Activates processes that conserve bodily resources… slowing heart rate, reducing blood pressure, etc. • “Calms” (rest and digest)

  17. Recap

  18. See “Fight or Flight” in action in this short cartoon: http://cmhc.utexas.edu/stressrecess/Level_One/fof.html

  19. Review • In everyday situations the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system work together to keep you in a steady internal rate. • What happens if these are out of wack? • .

  20. Journal • How does information flow through your nervous system as you pick up a fork? Summarize this process.

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