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Developing an SI Tool Set for Engineering Design Discovery, Physical Insight, and Education

Developing an SI Tool Set for Engineering Design Discovery, Physical Insight, and Education. Amendra Koul 1 , Andrew Conrad 1 , Russell Jackson 2 , Alex Packard 2 ,Andrew Anderson 2 , Ben Cook 2 ,Ching-Chen Ma 3 Jianjian Song 2 , Edward Wheeler 2 , James Drewniak 1

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Developing an SI Tool Set for Engineering Design Discovery, Physical Insight, and Education

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  1. Developing an SI Tool Set for Engineering Design Discovery, Physical Insight, and Education Amendra Koul1 , Andrew Conrad1, Russell Jackson2, Alex Packard2,Andrew Anderson2, Ben Cook2 ,Ching-Chen Ma3Jianjian Song2, Edward Wheeler2, James Drewniak1 1ECE Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology 2ECE Department, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 3CS Department, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Supported in part by National Science Foundation CCLI Phase 2 grant #0618494 “Instructional Material on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Signal Integrity, and High Speed Design”

  2. Motivation for this Work • To provide designers, students and educators with a easy-to-use, freely available SI tool set. • Create an effective learning space for exploration and design by providing visualization and immediate feedback. • Tool will complement–not compete with–commercial tools. • Impedance Calculator –Tool that uses recognized techniques from the literature with complete transparency. One can learn exactly what’s “under the hood.” User is supplied with complete validation information. • Signal Analyzer, Waveform Generator & Fourier Series Explorer – A tool for generating, analyzing and exploring frequency and time domain signals for design discovery and education. • Transmission Line Tool – Time-Domain Reflectometer (TDR) and frequency domain transmission line analysis and simulation.

  3. Overview of Work-in-progress These 3 tools represent the first steps in developing a multi-conductor transmission line (MTL) tool. Transmission line TDR tool Impedance analyzer cross-sectional analysis using finite elements MTL simulator Waveform generator & signal analyzer MTL tool MTL generator & analyzer

  4. Survey of free online characteristic impedance calculators Some free online calculators have simple graphical user interfaces (GUIs) while others have more elaborate GUIs All are based on empirical formulas that work under certain constraints Some check to ensure input is within valid parametric spaces while others do not give any indication of accuracy or validity of results Some have no traceability of formulas used or any references

  5. An asymmetric stripline example Input parameters and selected units Mentor Graphics Hyperlynx v7.5 2.5D Field solver Additional functionality The results agree very well

  6. Pop-up messages to verify input is within parametric space Parametric Space • Parametric space is defined so that the tool results match with commercial solvers within 5% accuracy. • This parametric space is broad and covers most real world test cases. • To assure accuracy, the tool does not allow inputs outside this parametric space.

  7. Performance comparison with commercial 2.5-D solver All the transmission line geometries below have been validated with Mentor Graphics Hyperlynx v7.5 for this parameter space Microstrip Embedded Microstrip Output parameters are within 5% deviation compared to commercial 2.5D solver Asymmetric Stripline Stripline

  8. Impedance vs. w/h for microstrip: Characteristic impedance p.u.l. vs. W/h

  9. Waveform Generator, Signal Analyzer and Fourier Series Explorer

  10. Signal Analyzer • Allows user to design a range of periodic waveforms. • Waveforms can be viewed in time and frequency domains. • Harmonic-cancellation feature allows harmonics to be easily removed from the waveform.

  11. Waveform Generator • Allows Single-ended, and Differential Signals to be created. • Many options can be implemented such as pre-emphasis, and changed-jitter standard deviation. • Users can view generated waveforms in the time and frequency domains, and can save the results. • Smoothing filters can be applied to the created waveforms.

  12. Fourier Series Explorer • Fourier Series Explorer displays the first 10 discrete-time Fourier series coefficients for each selected waveform. • The magnitude and phase is displayed for each coefficient. • Selectable waves include sine, trapezoidal, triangular, Gaussian, and d(Gaussian)/dt waves. • The magnitude and phase of each discrete-time Fourier series coefficient can be changed using the slide bars. Fourier series explorer GUI

  13. Fourier Series Explorer (b) Changing the magnitude of the third harmonic (a) Trapezoidal wave default Fourier magnitude coefficients • When the DTFS coefficients are changed, the Fourier Series reconstructed signal updates. • Allows for easy discovery of the relationship between frequency and time domains.

  14. Capabilities Transmission Line Tool • Works in both time and frequency domains • Supports passive junctions between TL segments comprised of resistors, capacitors, or inductors • Can model lossless and lossy transmission lines • Can create animation showing wave propagation through line • Able to view response anywhere in the system even in the middle of a line • Works for large systems

  15. How it works Frequency Domain Results Elements Matrices Two ports Time Domain Results Freq. Resp. IFFT Animation Input Signal FFT

  16. Example 1: A Complex  System Load: L in series with parallel R and C L = 5 nH, R = 50 Ω, C = 10 pF vp1 = 2(108) m/s, vp2 = 2(108) m/s vp3 = 2(108) m/s Zc1 = 50 Ω, Zc2 = 25 Ω Zc3 = 50 Ω d1 = 200 mm, d2 = 5 mm d3 = 50 mm Voltage Response at the Source Junction 1: Source: 1v step with 10ps rise time, Rs = 50 Ω Junction 2:

  17. Example 2 Simple Transmission line circuit 345 MHz Low impedance driver High impedance receiver Load Impedance : Capacitance  5 pF

  18. Example 2 Load Impedance : Capacitance  5 pF 909 MHz

  19. Capacitive Load in the middle of the trace, mismatched at load Source Impedance : Resistance  50 ohms Capacitance  15 pF Load  25 ohms

  20. Inductive Load in the middle of the trace Source Impedance : Resistance  50 ohms Inductance  15 nH Load  50 ohms Rise time  1ns Looking at the start of txn line.

  21. Spice Comparison Results - Inductive Discontinuity with load mismatch Source Impedance : Resistance  50 ohms Inductance  15 nH Load  25 ohms

  22. Conclusions The SI toolset is freely available online at rose-hulman.edu/maxcab and at emclab.mst.edu from September 1, 2009. Impedance Analyzer • Features and performance comparison of a characteristic impedance calculator for commonly used transmission lines are presented. • Formulas are available to the user to ensure traceability and complete transparency. • The tool’s accuracy and validity is compared with those of a commercial 2.5D field solver within a defined parametric space. Signal Analyzer, Waveform Generator & Fourier Series Explorer • User can define waveforms or choose from several commonly used waveforms in SI. • Fourier series explorer demonstrates the relationship between time and frequency domains .viewed in real time. Transmission Line Tool • User can define transmission-line networks comprising transmission lines connected by lumped element 2-ports. • Intuitive GUI allows you to view current or voltage time and frequency domain waveforms, Smith charts, amplitude and phase plots for voltages and currents.

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