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Just the Facts, Ma’am: Postsecondary Education and Labor Market Outcomes in the US

Just the Facts, Ma’am: Postsecondary Education and Labor Market Outcomes in the US. Harry J. Holzer Erin Dunlop American Institutes for Research January 2013. Purpose of the Analysis.

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Just the Facts, Ma’am: Postsecondary Education and Labor Market Outcomes in the US

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  1. Just the Facts, Ma’am: Postsecondary Education and Labor Market Outcomes in the US Harry J. Holzer Erin Dunlop American Institutes for Research January 2013

  2. Purpose of the Analysis • Seeking descriptive evidence to set stage for CALDER analysis of postsecondary education and labor market outcomes using state administrative data • Comprehensive, up-to-date snapshot of recent trends and variation across groups

  3. The Issues • Most recent trends in postsecondary education attainment in the US • Differences by race, gender, family background • Effects on labor market outcomes • Role of achievement gaps and other causes • Sub-BA as well as BA and above

  4. Data: SIPP and NELS SIPP • Multiple Years: 1990, 2000/01, 2007, 2010 • Secular trends and cyclical changes • Large Samples by Age, Race/Gender NELS • One cohort analyzed in depth • Achievement measures • Family background also

  5. Data (Cont’d) Outcomes • Education: Attainment and Completion of Certificate, AA, BA and Above • Education: Field of Study • Employment and Wages, Annual Earnings For All Adults v. Ages 25-29

  6. Findings: Trends in Postsecondary Attainments • 1990s: Growth of BAs • 2000s: Growth of sub-BAs • During the Great Recession: Rising attainment (sub-BA and BA) • Emergence of gender gap in higher ed. attainment • Racial Gaps: Less at sub-BA, more at BA Levels

  7. Completion Rates • At 2-yr. Schools: Generally low (.34 for AA, .55 for AA or Certificate) • At 4-Yr. Schools: Generally higher (.63) but wide gaps by race and family background

  8. Achievement Gaps • Measured by Grades, Courses Taken and Test Scores • Remain across Race and Family Background • More mixed by gender: Favor females but Math/Science v. Reading/English

  9. Fields of Study • More males in engineering/technical and natural sciences • More females in health, education • Business: More females at sub-BA and more males at BA and above • Engineering/Technical: Affected by Math/Science achievement • Male concentration where labor market rewards are strongest!

  10. Labor Market Returns • Employment, wage gains for each credential – including Certificates and AA • Differences across Fields of Study

  11. Gaps in Employment Outcomes • Male-Female Gap - despite higher educational attainment among young women • Male-Female Gap – Related to Children, Field of Study interacted with Degree • Race, Family Background Gaps – Somewhat accounted for by Education/Achievement

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