Integumentary System

1. Integumentary System Chapter 5

2. Combining Forms for the Integumentary System adip/o adiposislip/o lipomasteat/o steatoma dermo/o hypodermicdermat/o dermatologycutane/o subcutaneous

3. Combining Forms forthe Integumentary System erythr/o erythrodermatitis hidr/o anhidrosis hist/o histologyhistio/o histiogenic

4. Combining Forms forthe Integumentary System ichthy/o ichthyoid kerat/o keratosisscler/o scleroderma leuk/o leukonychia

5. Combining Forms forthe Integumentary System melan/o melanocyte myc/o mycosis onych/o onychodystrophy plas/o dysplastic

6. Combining Forms forthe Integumentary System purpur/o purpuric seb/o seborrhea squam/o squamous

7. Combining Forms forthe Integumentary System trich/o trichorrhexis xer/o xerosis xanth/o xanthoma

8. Integumentary System Overview • Composed of skin (integument), and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands) • Protects body for injury or intrusion of microorganisms • Helps regulate body temperature • Houses receptors for sense of touch

9. Skin • Largest organ in the body • Divided into an outer layer and an inner layer: • epidermis — outer layer • dermis (corium) — inner layer

10. The Skin (continued)

11. Epidermis • Consists of several layers of stratified squamous (scale like) epithelium: • basal layer — innermost layer • basal cells are constantly being pushed up, moving older cells to the surface • melanocytes — produce pigment (melanin) which gives color to the skin • squamous layer — outermost layer

12. Dermis (Corium) • Connective tissue layer • Contains: • blood and lymphatic vessels • nerve and nerve endings • glands • hair follicles • network of elastic and collagen fibers (gives skin elasticity and toughness)

13. Subcutaneous Layer • Layer below the dermis • Composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fatty) tissue

14. Lesions • Areas of pathologically altered tissue • Two types: • Primary • Primary lesions are physical changes in the skin considered to be caused directly by the disease process. Types of primary lesions are rarely specific to a single disease entity. • Secondary • Secondary lesions may evolve from primary lesions, or may be caused by external forces such as scratching, trauma, infection, or the healing process. The distinction between a primary and secondary lesion is not always clear.

15. Primary Lesions: pg 111-112 • Lesions arising from previously normal skin • Flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color: macule, patch • Elevated, palpable, solid mass: papule, wheal • Elevation formed by fluid within a cavity: vesicle, bulla, pustule link

16. Secondary Lesions: pg112-114 • Lesions that result in changes in primary lesions • Types: • Loss of skin surface: erosion, ulcer, excoriation, fissure • Material on skin surface: scale, crust • Other secondary lesions: keloid, nevus, verruca Link

17. Secondary Lesions cont’d… Vascular Lesions • Lesions of a blood vessel (also a secondary lesion) • cherry angioma — round, bright red blood vessel tumor often seen on trunk • telangiectasia (spider angioma) — radiate from central arteriole most often found on face, neck or chest

18. Secondary Lesions cont’d… • Lesions as a result of hemorrhages in the skin • petechia — minute hemorrhagic spot — indicates a bleeding tendency • ecchymosis — bruise Purpuric Lesions

19. Secondary Lesions cont’d… Epidermal Tumors • Skin tumors arising from the epidermis • dysplastic nevus — mole with precancerous changes • verruca — wart; caused by a virus