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Amir Hadžiomeragić Sarajevo, 6 June 2014

CBBH and SESOX high level seminar South East Europe in an Environment of Volatile Capital Flows. Amir Hadžiomeragić Sarajevo, 6 June 2014. Capital flows to emerging markets: „Master or servant?“„Benefactor or menace?“.

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Amir Hadžiomeragić Sarajevo, 6 June 2014

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  1. CBBH and SESOXhighlevel seminarSouth East Europe in an Environment of VolatileCapitalFlows Amir Hadžiomeragić Sarajevo, 6 June 2014

  2. Capital flows to emerging markets: „Master or servant?“„Benefactor or menace?“ • Unprecedentedvolume of capitalflows to emergingcountries in the last 20 years • Veryintensivediscussion on impact of capitalflows and capitalaccountliberalization • Twostrands of opinions on benefits of removingcapitalbarriers and enabling free capitalmovement • how to measuredirect and indirectbenefits and contribution to growth? • ...And veryuniformview about threats and possible negative aspects of capitalinflows

  3. Negative impact of capital inflows can be classified into three major categories • Macroeconomic imbalances • Financial stability problems • „Sudden stop“ or reversals

  4. Macroeconomic imbalances: • Excessive expansion of aggregate demand („overheating“) resulting with boom-bust growth • Exchange rate misalignment – real appreciation and loss of international competetivness • Widening current account • Increase in asset prices („bubbles“) • Inflationary pressure • Loss of monetary control

  5. Financial stability problemsfrom cross-border banking flows • Very rapid credit expansion • Underestimation of the build-up in credit risk • Deterioration of loan portfolio quality • Sharp slowdown or reversal in bank-intermediated capital flows • Risk of financial contagion from other economies and regions

  6. Macroeconomic performance and capital flows • Sustainability of growth – prior to crises it was not questioned, but... • Real growth very much dependant on net capital flows • External disbalances also fueled with capital flows

  7. Credit growth dependant on foreign capital flows in banking sector

  8. Managing of capital flows for small open (transition) economy • Very difficult challenge („living in bathtube next to the ocean“) • Repeated episodes of large inflows and subsequent crises • Increased demand for capital inflows due to disbalance between investment and saving ratios • Global conditions are key factor driving capital inflows • increased liquidity (lower global interest rates) • risk appetite by investor, but also... • Country-specific factors also play important role for the EU accession countries, • lower risk premia associated with macroeconomic stabilization, • EU-related structural reforms

  9. Managing of capital flows for small open (transition) economy • recipient economy has got very limited capacities to control and influence capital flows • Mixed results with capital controls • EU accession dictates capital account liberalization • a need to have prudent economic policies in order to reap benefits from capital inflows and mitigate related risks

  10. What makes economies more resilient to a surge in capital inflows? • WEO (2013) concluded that more resiliant economies have: • more flexible exchange rate • lower government spending (counter-cyclical fiscal policy) • inflation targeting (lower inflation) • significantly better economic institutions

  11. Counter-cyclical fiscal policy (Fiscal restraint) is not very likely •  „When it rains, it pours" (Kaminsky et al.2004) • Study on procyclicality and economic policies • instead offsetting capital inflows, government often contribute with even higher expenditures in periods of economic growth and capital inflows

  12. Did we repeat the same mistakes? Procyclicalfiscalpolicy in Bosnia and Herzegovinaduringcapitalsurge Note: positive amplitude signals procyclicality

  13. Conclusion • How to reap benefits from capital flows and reduce related risk? • Financial integration and economic globalization will continue • Need to be very cautious about magnitude and structure of capital flows to domestic economy • Volatility is highly unpredictable and beyond of our control • Sound macroeconomic policies and adequate prudential measures

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