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Chemical Senses

Chemical Senses. Gustatory and Olfactory Systems. LOCATION OF THE SENSE ORGAN STRUCTURE OF THE SENSE ORGAN CONNECTIONS TO THE CNS PROJECTIONS WITHIN THE CNS CODING OF THE STIMULUS SENSORY DISORDERS (CLINICAL). GUSTATION. The Sense of Taste. Costanzo, 2006, Fig. 3-25.

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Chemical Senses

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  1. Chemical Senses Gustatory and Olfactory Systems

  2. LOCATION OF THE SENSE ORGAN • STRUCTURE OF THE SENSE ORGAN • CONNECTIONS TO THE CNS • PROJECTIONS WITHIN THE CNS • CODING OF THE STIMULUS • SENSORY DISORDERS (CLINICAL)

  3. GUSTATION The Sense of Taste

  4. Costanzo, 2006, Fig. 3-25

  5. Netter Presenter, 2004, III.9 (Modified*)

  6. I V1 VII V2 IX V3 I - olfactory nerve V1- ophthalmic division (trigeminal nerve) V2 - maxillary division (trigeminal nerve) V2 - mandibular division (trigeminal nerve) VII – chorda tympani branch of facial nerve IX - glossopharyngeal nerve X - vagus nerve X

  7. purves15.10.jpg From Purves, 2001

  8. Costanzo, 2006, Fig. 3-28

  9. purves15.11a.jpg From Purves, 2001

  10. TASTE DISORDERS QUANTITATIVE HYPERGEUSIA AGEUSIA HYPOGEUSIA QUALITATIVE CACOGEUSIA PARAGEUSIA

  11. OLFACTION The Sense of Smell

  12. Netter Presenter, 2004, III.84

  13. Costanzo, 2002, Fig. 3-24

  14. Netter Presenter, 2004, III.85

  15. From Purves, 2001

  16. Schmidt, 1986, Fig. 9-4

  17. Schmidt, 1986, Fig. 9-4

  18. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2004 Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck for their discoveries of "odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" Buck, L. and Axel, R. (1991) Cell, vol. 65, 175-187. • Discovery of large family of genes (Approx 1000) that give rise to 1000 odorant receptor proteins - G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) • Total of 25,000 protein coding genes in genome • 1000 odorant receptor genes in mouse (4.0%) • 350 odorant receptor genes in human (1.4%) • Odorant receptor subtypes project to only 1 or 2 glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. • Odorants are encoded by the unique pattern of activity they generate in the brain. Nobelprize.org , 2004

  19. Mori et.al.,Science 286:711-715, 1999

  20. SMELL DISORDERS QUANTITATIVE HYPEROSMIA ANOSMIA HYPOSMIA QUALITATIVE CACOSMIA PAROSMIA

  21. ETIOLOGY OF OLFACTORY DISORDERS • Head Injury • Chemical Exposure • Nasal Sinus Disease • Tumors • Idiopathic • Medications • Aging • Alzheimer’s Disease

  22. CLINICAL ASSESSMENT • History and Physical Exam • Olfactory Function Tests

  23. Netter Presenter, 2004, III.100A

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