Storage types used by Windows Server 2003 Basic storage (divides a hard disk into partitions)

1. (Skill 1) Introducing Storage Types • Storage types used by Windows Server 2003 • Basic storage (divides a hard disk into partitions) • Dynamic storage (divides a hard disk into volumes) • Basic disk supports the following types of partitions • Primary partition – a physical unit of storage created on a basic disk • Extended partitions – created from free space that has not yet been partitioned

2. (Skill 1) Introducing Storage Types (2) • Dynamic disks support the following types of volumes • Simple volume – consists of disk space from a single hard disk, an entire disk, or multiple regions on the same disk that are linked together • Spanned volume – consists of disk space from multiple disks. • Striped volume (RAID-0) – combines areas of free disk space from two or more hard disks • Mirrored volume (RAID-1) – is created using the free disk space on two physical hard disks • RAID-5 volume – is a fault-tolerant, striped, dynamic volume that combines free disk space from 3 to 32 physical hard disks

3. (Skill 1) Figure 4-1 Types of partitions on a basic disk

4. (Skill 1) Figure 4-2 How data is written to dynamic volumes

5. (Skill 1) Figure 4-3 Limitations of dynamic disks

6. (Skill 2) Provides information about the type of disk, the file system used to format the disk, the disk capacity, and the status of the disk Provides information about each physical disk and the partitions or volumes on each disk Figure 4-4 Available disk configuration

7. (Skill 2) Figure 4-5 Assigning the drive letter

8. (Skill 2) Figure 4-6 Formatting the partition and labeling the volume

9. (Skill 2) Figure 4-7 Properties dialog box for the primary partition

10. (Skill 2) Figure 4-8 Changing the drive letter of a primary partition

11. (Skill 2) Figure 4-9 The Change Drive Letter or Path dialog box

12. (Skill 3) A logical drive has been created on Disk 1 Figure 4-13 A logical drive on an extended partition

13. (Skill 4) Upgrading a Disk from Basic to Dynamic • By default, the hard disk on a Windows Server 2003 computer is initialized with basic storage • When you upgrade a basic disk, the existing partitions are converted into simple volumes • Use the Disk Management snap-in to upgrade a basic disk to a dynamic disk

14. (Skill 4) Figure 4-14 The Convert to Dynamic Disk dialog box Figure 4-15 The Disks to Convert dialog box

15. (Skill 4) Figure 4-16 The Disk Management message box Figure 4-17 The Convert Disk to Dynamic warning message Figure 4-18 The Confirm message box You will have to reboot if you are converting a disk that includes the boot volume, system volume or a volume that includes the paging file

16. (Skill 5) Creating a Simple Volume • Upgrading a basic disk to a dynamic disk • Any existing partitions are converted to volumes • Any free space that is left on the drive can be used to create additional volumes • Simple volume • Can be part of a disk or an entire disk • Can be created only on a single dynamic disk

17. (Skill 5) Figure 4-19 Creating a simple volume

18. (Skill 5) Figure 4-20 Setting the size for the simple volume

19. (Skill 5) Note that if you created the primary partition and the logical drive on the extended partition on the same disk, they were converted to simple volumes when the disk was upgraded to dynamic Figure 4-21 Newly created simple volume

20. (Skill 6) Introducing Spanned, Striped and Mirrored Volumes Spanned volumes • Creating a spanned volume • Combines the unallocated space on multiple disks into one logical volume • A spanned volume can organize disk space on up to a maximum of 32 disks • Spanned disks allow you to combine the space used by multiple, smaller volumes, on multiple disks, into one spanned volume represented by a single drive letter

21. (Skill 6) Figure 4-22 Creating a spanned volume

22. (Skill 6) Figure 4-23 Selecting the disks to create a spanned volume

23. (Skill 6) Spanned volume created using 300 MB of disk space from two hard disks on your machine Figure 4-25 Newly created spanned volume

24. (Skill 6) Introducing Spanned, Striped and Mirrored Volumes (2) Striped volumes • As with spanned volumes, you can combine disk space from a maximum of 32 disks to create a striped volume • On a striped volume, data is divided in blocks of 64 KB across each segment of the volume • Data is simultaneously written across all of the disks so that it is added to the disks at the same rate

25. (Skill 6) Figure 4-26 Assigning a drive letter to the striped volume

26. (Skill 6) Figure 4-27 Newly created striped volume

27. (Skill 6) Introducing Spanned, Striped and Mirrored Volumes (3) Mirrored volumes • A mirrored volume provides fault tolerance because you create two drives that are duplicates of each other • Mirrored volumes are inefficient in some respects because fifty percent of the available disk space is consumed by fault tolerance

28. (Skill 6) Figure 4-28 Selecting the disks for a mirrored volume

29. (Skill 6) Mirrored volume created by combining free space from two hard disks Figure 4-30 Newly created mirrored volume

30. (Skill 7) 300 MB of space will be used from each disk for a total of 600 MB of usable storage space 1/3 (300 MB) will be lost to parity data Figure 4-31 Setting the size for a RAID-5 volume

31. (Skill 7) A RAID-5 volume created using disk space from three hard disks Figure 4-33 Newly created RAID-5 volume

32. (Skill 8) Defragmenting Volumes and Partitions • The Disk Defragmenter rearranges files and unused space, moving the segments of each file and folder to one location so that they occupy a single, contiguous space on the hard disk • Enhancements • In Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, file system defragmenter support is no longer dependent on compressed file routines and the Cache Manager • Limitations on defragmenting volumes with cluster sizes larger than 4 KB and on moving single NTFS file clusters have been remedied

33. (Skill 8) Figure 4-34 The Disk Defragmenter utility in the Computer Management console