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OBESITY

OBESITY. The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments. Outline. Introduction Global Rise in Obesity Economic Effects on Obesity Drivers of the obesity Epidemic Other Couses Approaches for the Obesity Epidemic Implications. INTRODUCTION.

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OBESITY

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  1. OBESITY The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments

  2. Outline • Introduction • Global Rise in Obesity • Economic Effects on Obesity • Drivers of the obesity Epidemic • Other Couses • Approaches for the Obesity Epidemic • Implications

  3. INTRODUCTION • The aim of The Lancet’s Obesity Series is; • what is the size and nature of the problem • what driving its global increase • what will the future obesity burden • what action needed to reserve thesituation • Inthis first report in the Series, • obesity epidemic and the reasons for its concurrent riseacrossthecountries, • wide variation in obesitywill be explained

  4. Background Information • UN member states prepare to gather in New York in September, 2011 • First High-Level Meeting of the UN General Assembly on non-communicable diseases (NCDs), • Searching for answers about how to reverse the rising tide of adult and childhood obesity • WHO’ s global strategy on diet in 2004 • physical activity and • energyconsumption provides an excellent overall guide for societal action • Governments have made very slow progress in the implementation of these strategies.

  5. The global rise in obesity prevalence • - Between 1980 and 2008, mean BMI worldwide increased by 0·4 kg/m2 perdecade for men and 0·5 kg/m2 per decade for women.

  6. By 2008,~1·46 billion adults • [BMI] >25 kg/m²) • ~ 502 millionadults • [BMI]>30 kg/m²) • ~ 170 million children wereoverweight or obese. more than double the proportions from the start of the epidemic

  7. Theburden of obesity is shiftingtowardthepoorand can nolonger be consideredas a disease of thesocioeconomic elite.

  8. In Brazil (a middle-income country) forwomen, • - obesity rates increasing rapidly in the lowestincome groups. • - the highest prevalences of overweightand obesity are in middle-age groups (45–59 years) • InTurkey, • - obesityratesareless in higherincomegroupsforwomen, • and has not importantdifferencesfor men. • - (55-59 years) 34.8% • (40-45 years) 30% Highestproportionsbetweendifferentagegroups A surveyconducted in ,turkeytoseetheeffects of differentfactors on cardiometabolic risk profile. People dividedintofourgroupsaccordingtotheirincomes.

  9. risk factor for diseases • Suchas type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and manycancers. • Rise of obesityand type 2 diabeteswillcauseraisein prematuremortalityand morbidity from cardiovascular diseases. Policymakersneedtodesignpolicyandprogramsthatreachallmembers of society, but especiallythepoor.

  10. Sweden, Switzerland, France, andAustralia reportedthatoverweight and obesity prevalence in somechildhood age groups might be flattening or evendecreasing. • But, overall prevalence is still high.

  11. monitoring systems should be improved • InTurkey-> Action and Control Plan AgainstObesity

  12. differencesbetweenthepopulations (0·7% vs70%) • Money • Ethiopia does not havesufficient national wealth for obesity to have manifested itself • Environment • Hong Kong and Jordan have had a greaterexposure to obesogenic food environmentsthan do theircounterparts in China and Yemen. Manycomplexities exist in understanding why some populationsand subpopulations are more susceptible to thedrivers of obesity than others, and how mediating factorsaffectdifferentpopulationgroups.

  13. Broad EconomicEffectson Obesity • Relationbetweenwealthandobesity • Relationbetween GDP(grossdomesticproduct) and BMI (body massindex) • An enception: PacificIslands

  14. Cont’d • Effects of economictransitiontowardsincreasing GDP • Importance of economic growth for low-income countries to movethem from poverty to economic prosperity • Inhigh-income countries, higher levels of GDP do not bringgreater happiness but dobring greater consumption of all products

  15. Cont’d • Thetechnological changes will inevitably lead to overconsumptionandobesity • cheaper and moreavailable food calories • strong economic forcesdriving consumption • Obesityis similar to risinggreenhouse gases and environmental degradation

  16. Drivers of the obesity epidemic • Builtenviromentandenviromentalfactor • Foodssystem • the rise in food energy supply was more thansufficient to explain the rise in obesity in the USAfromthe 1970s • Inthe U.K. Since 1980s • Increase in energyintake • Decrease in physicalactivity

  17. EnergyFlippingPoint • Twodistinct phases: • move less, stay leanphase (1910–60), characterised by decreasing physical activity levels and energy intake,anda population that remained lean; • eat more, gain weightphase, characterized by increasing energy intake and a concomitant rise in populationweight.

  18. Other environmental and individual effects • Cuisinesandfoodculture • Transport systems • Foodchoices • PhysicalActivity • Body-size perception • Geneticeffects

  19. Cont’d • Individualschoices • “excessivefood consumption occurs in ways that defy personalinsight or are below individual awareness • “passive overconsumption”.

  20. Approaches tothe obesity epidemic • Effects on population’ s obesity prevalence are differ between • intervention aimed at motivating behavioural changes • health promotion programmes, social marketing, education • policy interventions like laws and regulations • reducing the cost of healthy foods and increasing the cost of unhealties • Two major continuing challenges, • sustainability • affordability

  21. Approaches tothe obesity epidemic • Interventions, to reverse obesogenic drivers will almost be mainly government policy • Shifting agricultural polices to incorporate health outcomes, • banning unhealthy food marketing to children • healthy public sector food service policies • Could be food industry policies • moving product formulation towards healthier compositions • self-regulation of marketing to children

  22. Approaches tothe obesity epidemic • “Degree of implementation of policyandregulatoryinterventions is typicallymuchhigherthanprogrammedbasedandeducationbasedintervention. “ • Reasons; • powerful lobby force of the foodindustries • public reluctance to change environments to which they have become accustomed CounterExample: Denmark “Experience with trans-fatty acids in Denmark, where legislation was introduced to restrict their use in food production, is an example of a cost-effective government food policy that was successfully enacted for population health benefit”

  23. Approaches tothe obesity epidemic • Major strategies is; • to increase the motivation to make healthy choices • include social marketing, • health education, and health promotion programmes

  24. Implications • Economic policies promote consumption-based growth • Regulatory policies promote market and trade liberalisation • economicalbenefits • overconsumption • directorindirectcrises “Solutions to obesity and to improve health and development cannot be based on the existing framework” • Governments and international organisations such as UN need to • provide global leadership on these issues • not leave them to the private sector

  25. Implications • Changingtheframework • England • Brazil • USA • China

  26. OBESITY IN AUSTRALIA • “ObesityPreventionAustralia” • MISSION • To reduce the incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Australia while raisingawareness of healthy lifestyle practices through preventative initiatives. • MOTTO • The Habits We Create, Determine OUR FUTURE • BELIEF • We believe that: • Education + Implementation +Awareness = Empowerment. • The more a person knows, the more they act upon that knowledge, and the more they reflect upon the results of their actions, the more empowered they become.

  27. Situation in turkey • NGO’s • Türkiye Obezite Araştırma Derneği • Obezite ve Toplum • GovernmentalOrganizations • Campaigns (Hareket Zamanı – Step Counter) • Researches ( United Nations – Control Program (HealthDepartment) ) • 29 % Obesity • 10th in ranking

  28. “ChooseWhoYouWantTo Be Not YourAppetiteLetYouTo Be”

  29. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATINCE • QUESTIONS PLEASE

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