Composition of the blood

1. Composition of the blood • The circulating blood is composed of plasma and cells. • The cells are red cells (or erythrocytes), white cells (or leucocytes) and platelets. • Blood cells can be identified in blood films stained with a mixture of basic and acidic dyes. • Normal white cells are divided into polymorphonuclear leucocytes (or granulocytes) and mononuclear cells.

2. White Blood Cell Differential Count

3. Definition The relative percentage of each type of white blood cells in peripheral blood. This experiment is a part of blood routine test.

4. Microscopic exam • 10× (low fold): overall smear quality, rouleaux, agglutination or parasites • 100× (oil Len): WBC Diff, RBC morphology

5. tail body head

6. Observing direction: Observe one field and record the number of WBC according to the different type then turn to another field in the snake-liked direction *avoid repeat or miss some cells

7. Morphology of WBC in peripheral blood

8. normal peripheral blood smear

10. White blood cells • There are three types of granulocyte named according to their staining characteristics in blood films. They are neutrophils,eosinophils and basophils. • Mononuclear cells are divided into lymphocytes and monocytes.

11. Diameter:12-16 Cytoplasm : pink Granules : primary & secondary Nucleus : dark purple blue dense chromatin Stab neutrophil

12. Band form Neutrophils • There are smaller numbers of cells of neutrophil lineage with non-segmented nuclei. They are referred to as neutrophil band cells or band forms. They are less mature than segmented neutrophils. • An increased number of band cells is referred to as a left shift'.

14. Diameter: 12-16 Cytoplasm: very pale blue Granules: primary secondary lilac-staining (purple) Nucleus: dark purple blue dense heterogeneous chromatin 2-5 lobes Segmented neutrophil

15. Neutrophils • The neutrophils in the circulating blood are mainly mature segmented neutrophils. • neutrophilic because they owe their colour to uptake of both the acidic and the basic components of the stain

17. Diameter: 14-16 Cytoplasm : full of granules Granules: large retractile orange-red Nucleus: blue dense chromatin 2 lobes like a pair of glass Eosinophil

19. Diameter: 14-16 Cytoplasm: pink Granules: dark blue –black obscure nucleus Nucleus: blue Basophil

21. Diameter: small 7-9 large 12-16 Cytoplasm : rim, clear, pale blue Granules: small (a granular) large (a variable number of azurophilic pinkish-purple granules) Nucleus: dark blue \round dense homogeneous chromatin Lymphocyte

22. Lymphocytes divided into B(20%) &T(70%) both of them divided into small , large

23. Normal lymphocytes • Lymphocytes are the smallest WBC. • They have large condensed nucleus, with a scanty pale blue cytoplasm.

25. Diameter: 14-20(are the largest normal blood cells) Cytoplasm: grey blue Granules: dust-like lilac color granules(purple) Nucleus: blue large irregularly shaped and folded Monocyte

26. Normal monocyte • Monocytes are the largest WBC. • The nucleus is slightly indented . • The cytoplasm is abundant, sky blue in colour. • Some have vacuoles in the cytoplasm.

29. Commonly used evacuated tubes (with the corresponding color coding and additive)